CH 3 questions

Biological changes that accompany growing old include ________

All of these responses are correct.

What is the term sociologists give to a category of people with a common characteristic, usually their age?

Cohort

On average, an adult in the United States watches television for about how many hours a day?

Four

According to Piaget, in which stage of human development do individuals experience the world only through sensory contact?

a. Sensorimotor stage

Which of the following concepts refers to the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture?

a. Socialization

If you were to put together the lesson learned from the cases of Anna, Isabelle, and Genie, you would correctly conclude that ________

a. social experience plays a crucial part in forming human personality.

Which theory, developed by the psychologist John B. Watson, claims that human behavior is not instinctive but learned within a social environment?

a.Behaviorism

When people model themselves after the members of peer groups they would like to join, they are engaging in a process that sociologists call ________

anticipatory socialization.

For Jean Piaget, at which stage of development do individuals first use language and other cultural symbols?

b. Preoperational stage

In the nature versus nurture debate, sociologists claim that ________

b. nurture is far more important than nature.

The tragic case of Anna, the isolated girl who was studied by Kingsley Davis, shows that ________

b. without social experience, a child is incapable of thought or meaningful action.

In Freud's model of personality, which element of the personality represents a person's efforts to balance the demands of society and innate pleasure-seeking drives?

b.ego

Goffman's idea of the resocialization process includes ________

breaking down an old identity, then building up a new identity.

The social sciences, including sociology, make the claim that ________

c. as humans, to nurture is our nature.

Our basic drives or needs as humans are reflected in Freud's concept of the ________

c. id

In Freud's model of personality, what represents the presence of culture within the individual?

c. superego

A majority of people over the age of sixty-five in the United States ________

consider their health "good" or "excellent."

Which of the following concepts refers to a person's fairly consistent pattern of acting, thinking, and feeling?

d. Personality

Jean Piaget's focus was on ________

d. cognition, or how people think and understand.

Based on the Harlows' research with rhesus monkeys and the case of Anna, the isolated child, one might reasonably conclude that ________

d. long-term social isolation leads to permanent developmental damage in both monkeys and humans.

A distinctive contribution of schooling to the process of socialization is ________

exposing the child to an impersonal, bureaucratic setting.

Family is important to the socialization process because ________

families pass along social identity to children in terms of class, ethnicity, and religion.

Carol Gilligan extended Kohlberg's research, showing that ________

girls and boys typically assess situations as right and wrong using different standards.

Carol Gilligan's work on the issue of self-esteem in girls showed that ________

girls begin with high levels of self-esteem, which gradually decrease as they go through adolescence.

Today, the factor people most commonly use in considering a young woman or young man to have reached adulthood is whether or not the person ________

has completed all schooling.

Osagie Obasogie did research with people who have been blind since birth and discovered that, with regard to race, these people ________

held much the same ideas about race as sighted people.

Mead would agree that ________

if you won $700 million in a lottery, your "self" might change.

By "taking the role of the other," Mead had in mind ________

imagining a situation from another person's point of view.

In the historical perspective, the importance of the mass media to the socialization process has ________

increased over time.

An inmate who loses the capacity for independent living is described as ________

institutionalized.

When Cooley used the concept of the "looking-glass self," he claimed that ________

people see themselves as they think others see them.

Erik H. Erikson's view of socialization states that ________

personality develops over the entire life course in patterned stages.

According to Erving Goffman, the goal of a total institution is to ________

radically alter a person's personality or behavior.

Looking at childhood in global perspective, we find that ________

rich societies extend childhood much longer than do poor societies.

Mead claimed that the origin of the self is found in ________

social experience.

Mead used the concept "generalized other" to refer to ________

widespread cultural norms and values people take as their own.