CH. 3

A client, who has just been diagnosed with a chronic condition, asks the nurse what a"chronic condition" means. What would be the nurse's best response?

"Chronic conditions usually come on slowly and may have periods of remission and exacerbation."

A nurse provides interventions for clients in a long-term care facility to help them meet their intellectual needs. Which nursing actions promote these needs? Select all that apply.

A nurse provides education about foot care to a client with diabetes. A nurse explains to an obese client the benefits of following a healthy diet. A nurse shows residents a video discussing modified activities for older adults.

Which nursing intervention is an example of tertiary preventive care?

Assisting with speech therapy a client with a traumatic brain injury

An older adult patient has been recently diagnosed with vascular dementia. Because the client lives alone and has poorly controlled hypertension, the client has begun to receive home healthcare. This new aspect of the client's care is characteristic of which stage of illness?

Assuming a dependent role

How can the nurse best demonstrate being a role model for health promotion?

Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol

A teenaged client reports having diarrhea before every test in school. The nurse recognizes that this client needs to focus on which dimension of health?

Emotional dimension

Which of these is not a factor in the Agent-Host-Environment Model of health and illness, as developed by Leavell and Clark (1965)?

Evil spirit

Which client growth needs are included in the love and belonging level of Maslow's hierarchy? (Select all that apply.)

Family Intimacy Friendships

A group of nurses is participating in a community health fair and is engaged in primary prevention activities. Which activities would these nurses be leading? Select all that apply.

Family planning services Accident prevention education Heart-healthy nutrition services

When caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with a chronic illness, the nurse understands the importance of promoting health by highlighting which concept?

Focus on what is possible.

When providing care to a client, the nurse integrates knowledge that a client's beliefs and actions are related and influenced by the client's personal expectations in relation to health and illness. The nurse is demonstrating an understanding of which health model?

Health belief model

Which is the most accurate definition of health?

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

Which definition of health is the best?

Health is a state of complete well-being.

The nurse is working in an acute care setting and performs primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Which activity performed by the nurse is classified as tertiary prevention?

Instructing a client on how to use crutches

Which nursing activity reflects secondary prevention?

Making a referral for a mammogram

The nurse is holding a cholesterol screening at a local pharmacy this Saturday morning. What level(s) of health promotion is this screening an example of?

Secondary

A mammogram represents which level of prevention?

Secondary prevention

Which lifestyle factor is associated with an increased risk for chronic diseases?

Smoking

Which needs are being met when a nurse recommends a senior citizen community center for an older client who is living alone?

Sociocultural needs

A nurse is caring for a client who has breast cancer. The client tells the nurse: "I don't know why this happened to me, but I'm ready to move on and do whatever I need to do to get healthy again." This client is in which stage of acute illness?

Stage 3

The nurse recognizes that the client who makes the decision to accept a new diagnosis and follow the prescribed treatment plan is in which stage of an illness?

Stage 3-Assuming a dependent role

A client arrives at a health care facility complaining of pain in the abdomen and diarrhea. The physician diagnoses the client with colitis, an acute illness. Why is colitis considered an acute illness?

The onset is sudden.

What is a dynamic balance among the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of a person's life?

Wellness

A nurse has chosen to characterize a new initiative as "wellness promotion" rather than "health promotion". Which statement best describes the difference between the concept of wellness and the concept of health?

Wellness is an active state, whereas health is a more passive state dependent on the absence of disease.

The body's attempt to restore balance through self-regulatory mechanisms is termed:

homeostasis.

A client with Alzheimer disease in a nursing home is more compliant in following directions for dressing and feeding with one nurse than with other staff members. This phenomenon is best explained by

the Therapeutic Model of Interaction.

Chronic illness may be characterized by periods of remission. Remission is best defined as:

the presence of a disease with the absence of symptoms.

Which are factors that impact how a client defines health? Select all that apply.

Family Culture Community Society

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease?

It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.

What is the definition of wellness?

An active state of being healthy

A nurse is caring for a client with end-stage liver failure. Which healthcare agency should the nurse recommend for continuity of care?

Extended care

Consultation and diagnostic tests are included in which level of health care?

Secondary care

A client has been admitted to the hospital for treatment of pancreatitis secondary to alcoholism. The client states that it is nearly impossible to quit drinking because of the deep entrenchment of alcohol use in the client's circle of friends and line of work. As well, the client claims to have thought that drinking only beer and foregoing hard alcohol would prevent health problems. This client is exhibiting health consequences rooted in which human dimensions?

Sociocultural and intellectual

Which nursing activity provides an example of primary prevention?

Teaching a family how to recognize and avoid environments containing lead paint

A nurse is caring for a 17-year-old client whose left leg was amputated after being crushed in a motor vehicle accident. Which intervention might the nurse perform to address the client's intellectual dimension?

Teaching her how to care for the stump and explaining the rehabilitation program

A nurse refers an HIV-positive client to a local support group. This is an example of what level of preventive care?

Tertiary

The nurse in a free clinic caring for clients uses the Health Belief Model, which is based on three components. What is the main focus for this model?

What people believe to be true about their health

A client enjoys high-calorie carbohydrates but understands that they raise the blood glucose level sharply and ultimately cause a feeling of butterflies in the stomach as the blood glucose level decreases. This is considered:

self-awareness.

The concept of holism is based on the belief that:

individuals cannot be seen apart from the environment.

A 48-year-old client was just diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The client has a body mass index of 35 and leads a sedentary lifestyle. The nurse informs the client of risk factors for the diagnosis and the need to change diet and exercise behavior. Which client statement indicates a need for further teaching?

"There is nothing that can be done anyway; chronic diseases cannot be prevented."

The nurse is planning care for several clients in an outpatient clinic. Which client requires follow-up care due to a chronic condition?

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is wheezing and coughing

Why are health promotion and illness prevention a key responsibility of nurses?

Chronic illnesses are the leading health problem in the world.

What is a misconception about chronic disease?

Chronic illnesses cannot be prevented.

A rapid onset of symptoms that lasts a relatively short time indicates which condition?

An acute illness

What is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity?

Health

Which is an example of the sociocultural dimension influencing a person's health-illness status?

A single mother of two applies for food stamps in order to feed her family.

When admitting an adolescent to the hospital, the nurse anticipates that the client will respond to questions about the client's health beliefs based primarily on the client's:

age and developmental stage.

To be an effective change agent for wellness, the nurse must:

consume a diet low in fat.

A nurse is planning a health fair in the community to highlight promotion and prevention of the leading cause of death in the United States. Which disease process should the nurse address?

Coronary artery disease

Meeting which type of needs is essential for physiological health and survival?

Basic human needs

The nurse team is preparing a sterile field for a procedure. While the nurse is opening an instrument, the outer wrapper of the sterilized instrument touches the extreme edge of the field. What should the nurse do next?

Discard the sterile field and prepare a new one

Which client would most benefit from the nurse including in the plan of care interventions addressing the client's social health?

A spouse and parent who is angry about no longer being able to work due to a spinal cord injury

A nurse observes that a client who has pneumonia is in the recovery and rehabilitation stage of the illness. Which statement describes the client response that the nurse would expect at this stage of the illness?

The client gives up the dependent role.

What have the models of health promotion and illness prevention been used for?

To help health care providers understand health-related behaviors.

The nurse is counseling a newly pregnant woman who is concerned about developing infections during her pregnancy. The pregnant woman states, "I'm so afraid something will happen to my baby. My friend developed an infection while she was pregnant and the baby died." Which of the following responses by the nurse would be most appropriate?

"Early prenatal care like you are receiving is very beneficial in reducing chances of infection."

The nurse should identify the need for further teaching when the client with diabetes who is taking daily insulin and follows a strict diet makes which statement?

"I cannot possibly ever be considered as healthy."

A client who has recently been diagnosed with a chronic illness appears to be depressed. When the nurse asks if there is something wrong, the client states, "Nothing will ever be the same for me since I have this disease." What is the most appropriate response for the nurse?

"If you maintain a positive self-concept, you can live as normally as possible."

A client comes to the emergency room complaining of abdominal pain, fever, chills, and nausea. Upon further examination the client is diagnosed with appendicitis. What type of illness does the nurse identify this client to have?

Acute

What are common sources of stress in family members due to a hospitalization of a family member? Select all that apply.

Alterations in roles Economic problems Alterations in lifestyle Decrease in social interactions

Which are characteristics of chronic conditions? (Select all that apply.)

Are rarely curable Require lifelong management Have a prolonged course

An exacerbation refers to the reactivation of a disease. Which condition is associated with exacerbation?

Chronic illness

The nurse is caring for a very active, athletic adolescent recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. The client appears to be withdrawn and depressed when the nurse asks how he or she is doing today. Using the health belief model, what steps can the nurse take to create a plan of care for this client? Select all that apply.

Conduct an in-depth interview of the client's previous health issues, how the client reacted to the illness, and what support system the client has. Assure the client that there is nothing to be worried about because many people are diagnosed with this disease, and alert the family to the possibility of depression.

Risk factors for illness are divided into six categories. Working with carcinogenic chemicals is an example of which type of risk factor?

Environmental risk factor

A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, with a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dL (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomenon?

Exacerbation

A client comes to the health center for a routine visit. During the visit, the client tells the nurse, "I'm motivated to do things now to make sure I'm the healthiest I can be." When planning this client's care, the nurse should focus on which area?

Health promotion

A community health nurse arranges for a dental checkup camp for the local children in the school district. Which of the following would most likely be the nurse's goal for this health camp?

Health promotion

Which behaviors are necessary for a person to successfully adapt to a chronic illness? Select all that apply.

Learn to live as normally as possible Maintain a positive self-concept Maintain a sense of hope

The nurse is giving a talk to a local community group on the harms of smoking. The nurse tells the group that a risk factor is something that increases a person's chances for illness or injury. What type of risk factor is smoking?

Modifiable

The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the hospital with pneumonia and associated pleuritic chest pain. Which would be a priority when creating the nursing care plan?

Monitoring airway clearance.

While providing client care, a nurse determines that a client adheres to the health belief model. What would the nurse need to assess as a factor possibly affecting the client's response to illness?

Personality characteristics

The nurse is preparing to talk to a local community group regarding chronic illness. The nurse informs the group that both external and internal factors influence a person's health. When discussing the fact that the male client has a higher chance of developing lung cancer due to his gender, which dimension is the nurse referring to?

Physical dimension

A nurse is immunizing children against measles. This is an example of what level of preventive care?

Primary

The nurse's community outreach class is giving a presentation on seat belts and child safety seats at the local firehouse every weekend in October. Which level of health promotion is this an example of?

Primary

Which is an example of tertiary health promotion?

Rehabilitation

The nurse is ccertified in providing Therapeutic Touch and is preparing to initiate this for a client. What activity should the nurse perform initially?

Requesting the client's permission to touch the body

A client is admitted to the mental health center with attempted suicide. Which of the client's problems is the priority for the nurse to manage?

Risk of self-harm

A nurse is performing health promotion activities for clients at a local health care clinic. Which nursing actions exemplify the focus of secondary preventive care? Select all that apply.

Screening clients for hypertension Scheduling a mammogram for a client Referring a client to family counseling

The client is admitted with a gastrointestinal bleed. The physician ordered a colonoscopy. Which level of care encompasses this procedure?

Secondary

What are some examples of healthy self-care behaviors everyone should adopt? Select all that apply.

Sleeping 7 to 8 hours each night Eating regular healthy meals Maintaining an ideal body weight

A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD, a chronic illness of the lungs. The client is in remission. Which statement best describes a period of remission in a client with a chronic illness?

Symptoms are not experienced.

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of heart failure. This admission is the client's third admission within 90 days. The nurse educates the client with the goal of preventing readmission. Which nursing activity for this client would represent tertiary-level prevention?

Teaching about adhering to a low-sodium diet

A client has had a total knee replacement and is receiving care that includes learning to walk with a walker. What level of prevention is most applicable to this client?

Tertiary prevention

Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based upon external factors?

The Agent-Host-Environment Model

When first diagnosed with cancer, a client was depressed and complained of feeling sick. Now the client has adapted to the diagnosis, recently returned to work, and, since undergoing chemotherapy, reports feeling better than ever. The nurse recognizes that which model of health promotion is most effective in explaining this client's situation?

The Health-Illness Continuum Model

A 13-year-old client with cystic fibrosis who is being discharged confides in the nurse that her parents argue a lot. Sometimes, her mother has too much to drink and starts throwing things at people. At times she gets scared her mom will hurt someone. She feels as if she is causing her parents to fight and her mom to drink because she is always in the hospital. She also worries about getting a bad grade in school due to her many absences and not getting into a good college. According to Maslow's hierarchy of human needs, which issue should take priority when caring for this client?

The client feels scared that her mother will hurt someone.

The nurse is using Leavell and Clark's Agent-Host-Environment Health Model to help plan nursing interventions for clients in a hospital setting. Which examples of nursing actions to prevent hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) best illustrate the principles of this model? Select all that apply.

The nurse should assess the clients for risk factors for infection when planning nursing care. The nurse should consider the client's family history and age when assessing risk factors for infection. The nurse should examine environmental stressors in clients' lives to see how these stressors might affect their recovery and ability to ward off infection.

Why do nurses need to care for their own health needs? Select all that apply.

To allow them to give effective nursing care to others To enable them to practice more efficiently To help them serve as role models for clients

The nurse is addressing primary prevention with a group of college students. Which promotional statement by the nurse would be the best example of a developmentally appropriate discussion?

Use of condoms can help prevent sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy

A client has a Staphylococcus infection in a decubitus ulcer. In this case, Staphylococcus is the:

agent.

An older adult client who has been hospitalized due to a stroke is about to be discharged from a rehabilitation center where the client had to relearn how to perform activities of daily living, including feeding and dressing. The client has often voiced a desire to be as active as possible. The client now expresses a strong desire to go home. The nurse recognizes that these statements made by the client indicate that the client is:

giving up the dependent role.

When chronic illnesses and disabilities are present, individuals benefit most from activities that:

help them maintain independence.

The recognition of health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning is defined as:

high-level wellness.

A client enjoys eating high-calorie carbohydrate meals, but understands her blood sugar can increase sharply, ultimately causing the feeling of butterflies in her stomach as her blood sugar decreases. This is considered:

self-concept.