Ch. 32 Evolution & Diversity of Modern Gymnosperms & Angiosperms

____________ potent effects on nervous system.

Alkaloids

Seeds enclosed in fruit:

Angiosperms (angio=enclosed)

_____________ Female part consists of sticky stigma which catches pollen, the style down which the pollen tube grows, and the ovary where the ovules are made.

Carpel

Flowers attract pollinators with ____________, ____________, shapes, & sizes.

Color Odors

(Gymnosperm diversity) _____________ "cone-bearing" most diverse modern Gynosperms.

Conifers

____________ is the process by which 2 or more species influence each other's evolutionary pathway. This is diversity generating.

Convolution

(Gymnosperm diversity) ___________ widely used ornamentals with spreading palm like leaves and conspicuous seed producing cones.

Cycads

Seeds disperse plant _____________ with a Food supply and ability to wait to germinate until conditions are right.

Embryo

A protective ovule contains _____________ gametophyte that contains the egg.

Female

1 sperm nuclei & 1 eff in ovule unite forming zygote called...

Fertilization

________________ Foster seed production.

Flower

Innovations in angiosperms are _____________, ____________, seed endosperm.

Flowers Fruits

________________ favor seed dispersal.

Fruit

(Gymnosperm diversity) ________________ Display unusual adoptions and each genus is unique

Gentophytes

When a seed takes in water it can ____________.

Germinate (A seed beginning to grow by splitting the seedcoat to allow the embryo to put down its first roots)

(Gymnosperm diversity) ____________ last survivor of a once diverse group. It is a beautiful tree with fan shaped leaves and seeds having foul smelling fleshy seeds.

Ginkgos

Naked seeds that are not enclosed:

Gymnosperms (gymnos=naked)

_______________ are groups offlowers tightly clustered together so pollinators bring pollen too many flowers at same time.

Inflorescences

_________ gametophyte is the pollen grain that contains 2 sperm nuclei.

Male

____________ have 1 cotyledon (seed leaf) and ___________ have 2 cottledons.

Monocots Dicots

After fertilization, the ____________ develop into seeds and the ovary matures into a ____________ that holds seed.

Ovules Fruit

________________ are often colorful and attract pollinators to the flower.

Petals

____________ protect plants by absorbing UV radiation.

Phenolic

__________ move sperm nuclei without water. Most gymnosperms move this by wind.

Pollen

A _______ _______ forms sending down 2 sperm nuclei

Pollen tube

________________ is pollen transfer from anther to stigma of flowers.

Pollination

____________ metabolites involve essential carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, & nuclei acids.

Primary

A ______ of ______ form from vascular cambium, 2nd xylem, & 2nd phloem.

Ring of cells

____________ metabolites Play roles in protecting plants from disease-causing organisms & plant-eating animals, & aid in plant growth and reproduction.

Secondary

_______ ________________ food helps embryos within seed grow into seedlings.

Seed Endosperm

Seed plants evolved from ______________ vascular plants which had vascular tissue and a dominant sporophyte generation.

Seedless

The fruit protects the ____________ within and helps with seed dispersal.

Seeds

Innovations in seed plants include: wood, ovules, _________, __________, euphylls.

Seeds Pollen

________________ leaflike structures that enclose and protect the flower bud.

Sepals

________________ male flower part consist of an anther where pollen is made and filament. Pollen is male gametophyte.

Stamen

____________ constructed from hydrocarbons

Terpenes

______________ ______________ is region of rapidly dividing cells that make 2nd phloem & 2nd xylem which increases width of tree.

Vascular cambium

__________ allows long distance transport and gives structural support

Wood

______________ is secondary xylem. This evolved before seeds. Secondary xylem=water conducting cells with cell walls reinforced with ___________.

Wood Ligin

The ____________ develops into an embryo with endosperm as a food supply. This endosperm resulted from 2 other cells in the ovule being fertilized by another sperm nucleus. Called ____________ fertilization, happens in Angiosperms.

Zygote Double