Ch. 32 Evolution & Diversity of Modern Gymnosperms & Angiosperms
____________ potent effects on nervous system.
Alkaloids
Seeds enclosed in fruit:
Angiosperms (angio=enclosed)
_____________ Female part consists of sticky stigma which catches pollen, the style down which the pollen tube grows, and the ovary where the ovules are made.
Carpel
Flowers attract pollinators with ____________, ____________, shapes, & sizes.
Color Odors
(Gymnosperm diversity) _____________ "cone-bearing" most diverse modern Gynosperms.
Conifers
____________ is the process by which 2 or more species influence each other's evolutionary pathway. This is diversity generating.
Convolution
(Gymnosperm diversity) ___________ widely used ornamentals with spreading palm like leaves and conspicuous seed producing cones.
Cycads
Seeds disperse plant _____________ with a Food supply and ability to wait to germinate until conditions are right.
Embryo
A protective ovule contains _____________ gametophyte that contains the egg.
Female
1 sperm nuclei & 1 eff in ovule unite forming zygote called...
Fertilization
________________ Foster seed production.
Flower
Innovations in angiosperms are _____________, ____________, seed endosperm.
Flowers Fruits
________________ favor seed dispersal.
Fruit
(Gymnosperm diversity) ________________ Display unusual adoptions and each genus is unique
Gentophytes
When a seed takes in water it can ____________.
Germinate (A seed beginning to grow by splitting the seedcoat to allow the embryo to put down its first roots)
(Gymnosperm diversity) ____________ last survivor of a once diverse group. It is a beautiful tree with fan shaped leaves and seeds having foul smelling fleshy seeds.
Ginkgos
Naked seeds that are not enclosed:
Gymnosperms (gymnos=naked)
_______________ are groups offlowers tightly clustered together so pollinators bring pollen too many flowers at same time.
Inflorescences
_________ gametophyte is the pollen grain that contains 2 sperm nuclei.
Male
____________ have 1 cotyledon (seed leaf) and ___________ have 2 cottledons.
Monocots Dicots
After fertilization, the ____________ develop into seeds and the ovary matures into a ____________ that holds seed.
Ovules Fruit
________________ are often colorful and attract pollinators to the flower.
Petals
____________ protect plants by absorbing UV radiation.
Phenolic
__________ move sperm nuclei without water. Most gymnosperms move this by wind.
Pollen
A _______ _______ forms sending down 2 sperm nuclei
Pollen tube
________________ is pollen transfer from anther to stigma of flowers.
Pollination
____________ metabolites involve essential carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, & nuclei acids.
Primary
A ______ of ______ form from vascular cambium, 2nd xylem, & 2nd phloem.
Ring of cells
____________ metabolites Play roles in protecting plants from disease-causing organisms & plant-eating animals, & aid in plant growth and reproduction.
Secondary
_______ ________________ food helps embryos within seed grow into seedlings.
Seed Endosperm
Seed plants evolved from ______________ vascular plants which had vascular tissue and a dominant sporophyte generation.
Seedless
The fruit protects the ____________ within and helps with seed dispersal.
Seeds
Innovations in seed plants include: wood, ovules, _________, __________, euphylls.
Seeds Pollen
________________ leaflike structures that enclose and protect the flower bud.
Sepals
________________ male flower part consist of an anther where pollen is made and filament. Pollen is male gametophyte.
Stamen
____________ constructed from hydrocarbons
Terpenes
______________ ______________ is region of rapidly dividing cells that make 2nd phloem & 2nd xylem which increases width of tree.
Vascular cambium
__________ allows long distance transport and gives structural support
Wood
______________ is secondary xylem. This evolved before seeds. Secondary xylem=water conducting cells with cell walls reinforced with ___________.
Wood Ligin
The ____________ develops into an embryo with endosperm as a food supply. This endosperm resulted from 2 other cells in the ovule being fertilized by another sperm nucleus. Called ____________ fertilization, happens in Angiosperms.
Zygote Double