CH 34.1 Digestive systems

ileum?

last part of the intestine connects small to large intestine important in the absorption of B-2

carnivore?

animal that consumes animal flesh

Omnivore?

animals that consumes both animals and plants

herbivore?

animals that consumes only plants

sphincter?

band of mucle that controls movement of matrrilas throughout the digestive tract

Salivary amylase?

enzyme found in saliva converts carbohydrates to maltose

pepsin?

enzyme found in the stomach that plays the main role of protein digestion

lipase?

enzyme that breaks down fat

dueodenum?

first part of the small intestine where a large part of digestion of carbohydrates and fats occurs

villi?

folds on the inner surface of the small intestine whose role is to increase absorption area

proventriculus?

glandular part of a bird's stomach

pepsinogen?

inactive form of pepsin

large intestine?

Absorbs water and forms feces

gastrovascular cavity?

digestive system consisting of a single opening

monogastric?

digestive system that consists of a single-chambered stomach

pancreas?

gland that secretes digestive juices

bolus?

mass of food resulting from chewing action and wetting by saliva

chyme?

mixture of partially digested food and stomach juices

What is the role of the accessory organs in digestion?

producing and delivering digestive juices to the intestine during digestion and absorption the salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder play important roles

stomach?

saclike organ containing acidic digestive juices

alimentary canal?

tubular digestive system with a mouth and anus

Esophagus?

tubular organ that connects mouth to stomach

peristalsis?

wave-like movements of muscle tissue

Bile?

A digestive juice produced by the liver to aid fat digestion

Which of the following statements about the digestive system is false? A. Chyme is a mixture of food and digestive juices that is produced in the stomach. B. Food enters the large intestine before the small intestine. C. In the small intestine, chyme mixes with bile, which emulsifies fats. D. The stomach is separated from the small intestine by the pyloric sphincter.

B

Which of the following statements is untrue? A. Roughage takes a long time to digest. B. Birds eat large quantities at one time so that they can fly long distances. C. Cows do not have upper teeth. D. In pseudo-ruminants, roughage is digested in the cecum.

B

The acidic nature of chyme is neutralized by ________. A. potassium hydroxide B. sodium hydroxide C. bicarbonates D. vinegar

C

The digestive juices from the liver are delivered to the ________. A. stomach B. liver C. duodenum D. colon

C

Which of the following statements about the small intestine is false? A. Absorptive cells that line the small intestine have microvilli, small projections that increase surface area and aid in the absorption of food. B. The inside of the small intestine has many folds, called villi. C. Microvilli are lined with blood vessels as well as lymphatic vessels. D. The inside of the small intestine is called the lumen.

C

Which of the following is a pseudo-ruminant? A. cow B. pig C. crow D. horse

D

Explain how the villi and microvilli aid in absorption.

The villi and microvilli are folds on the surface of the small intestine. These folds increase the surface area of the intestine and provide more area for the absorption of nutrients.

gizzard?

muscular organ that grinds food birds have this

what is the pyloric sphincter and what is its function?

opening from the stomach into the duodenum ensures that chyme enters small intestine a little at a time

liver?

organ that produces bile for digestion and processes vitamins and lipids

How does the polygastric digestive system aid in digesting roughage?

polygastric digestive system=multi-chambered stomach four compartments of the stomach are: the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum that contain many microbes that break down the cellulose and ferment the ingested food. The abomasum is the "true" stomach and is the equivalent of a monogastric stomach chamber where gastric juices are secreted. four-compartment gastric chamber provides larger space and the microbial support necessary for ruminants to digest plant material.

jejunum?

second part of the intestine

How do birds digest their food in the absence of teeth?

stomach chamber called a gizzard food is stored, soaked, and ground into finer particles, often using pebbles Once complete, the digestive juices take over in the proventriculus and continue the digestive process.

gallbladder?

stores and concentrates bile