Ch 4
Observation can enable you to learn as much about yourself and your counseling skills as you do about your clients. a. True b. False
a. True
Observation is the act of watching carefully and intentionally with the purpose of understanding behavior.
a. True
Which of the following statements represents an abstract/formal operational thought statement? a. "My family is difficult." b. "Joe got angry with me because the dinner was a little cold, and he knocked the dishes off the table." c. "I went to a movie last night. We walked in and I saw my friend Jim. Then we bought popcorn and we sat down." d. "My dad and mom are both alcoholics. Last night, I couldn't stand it anymore, so I left the house. Now I don't have anywhere to stay tonight."
a. "My family is difficult."
When clients talk about topics that are uncomfortable to them, one may expect all EXCEPT which of the following? a. Direct, angry eye contact and a more aggressive body posture b. Shifts in eye contact patterns, body movement, and changing vocal qualities c. Slower vocal qualities coupled with shifts in eye contact patterns d. Hesitation and attempt to change topic
a. Direct, angry eye contact and a more aggressive body posture
"I can't do it at all," when said with congruent nonverbal gestures, is an example of ____. a. a negative "I" statement b. discrepant nonverbal communication c. selective attention d. verbal underlining
a. a negative "I" statement
"I'm really angry right now," said while smiling, is an example of a ____. a. discrepancy between a verbal statement and a nonverbal behavior b. discrepancy between what one says and what one explains c. discrepancy between a client and a situation d. discrepancy in nonverbal behaviors
a. discrepancy between statement and nonverbal behavior
The client is smiling, but his/her knuckles are white from clinched fists. This is an example of a ____. a. discrepancy in nonverbal behaviors b. discrepancy in verbal statements c. discrepancy between what one says and what one does d. discrepancy between statements and verbal behavior
a. discrepancy in nonverbal behaviors
When the client and the interviewer are communicating well, they "mirror" each other's body language. This is known as ____. a. movement synchrony b. movement complementarity c. movement dissynchrony d. none of these types of movement
a. movement synchrony
"My son is perfect; he just doesn't respect me." This is an example of which of the following? a. Discrepancies in nonverbal behaviors b. Discrepancies in verbal statements c. Discrepancies between what one says and what one does d. None of the above
b. Discrepancies in verbal statements
Which of the following statements represent a concrete client statement? a. "That is sexist." b. "My child is very active physically and talks pretty fast. He can get so enthused about something that he knocks over things. Yet, he is able to carry on a conversation and pays attention when I read to him. I wonder why they want to label all this as ADHD." c. "The school is racist." d. "My lover is mean to me."
b. "My child is very active physically and talks pretty fast. He can get so enthused about something that he knocks over things. Yet, he is able to carry on a conversation and pays attention when I read to him. I wonder why they want to label all this as ADHD."
What is the nonverbal percentage of most communications? a. 95% b. 85% c. 75% d. 65%
b. 85%
Two major client communication styles are presented in the: a. Cognitive Concrete Continuum b. Abstraction Ladder c. Thinking Chart d. Daily Thoughts Record
b. Abstraction Ladder
Which of the following is a FALSE assertion about self-observation? a. By turning observation inward, you can tune into your own reactions. b. Accurate self-observation will help you examine what lies within the client. c. Self-observation provides you with a compass to guide you through the session. d. Self-observation is a process of self-awareness that may lead to growth and change.
b. Accurate self-observation will help you examine what lies within the client.
Weijun Zhang points out that ____. a. Native American modes of expression are similar to African American modes b. African American and Native American modes are different c. European American and Native American modes are similar d. none of these
b. African American and Native American modes are different
Even the most advanced professional doesn't always know what is happening. What can you do when you don't know what to do? a. Question b. Attend c. Interrupt d. Challenge
b. Attend
Which of the following types of body language may indicate openness to discussing a topic? a. Sitting in a slouched, completely resting position b. Sitting upright, legs somewhat open, palms up c. Turning away slightly with direct eye contact d. Licking the lips, heavy breathing, and a running nose
b. Sitting upright, legs somewhat open, palms up
The interview with Kyle Yellowhorse demonstrated that ____. a. multicultural differences may lead to a slow start b. establishing trust among diverse individuals is not an issue c. self-disclosure and story-sharing can be helpful d. exploration of positive assets can be useful
b. establishing trust among diverse individuals is not an issue
A good communication connection between the client and interviewer can be observed through harmonious, but nonidentical movements. These movements are known as ____. a. movement synchrony b. movement complementarity c. movement dissynchrony d. none of these types of movement
b. movement complementarity
The term ____ is used to describe people mirroring each other's body language. a. symmetrical conversation b. movement synchrony c. dereflection d. movement complementarity
b. movement synchrony
"Unemployment just reached 11%. It's not my fault if I don't have a job." This statement shows a discrepancy between ____. a. two verbal statements b. the client and a situation c. what one says and what one does d. statements and nonverbal behavior
b. the client and a situation
Which of the following statements represent a concrete client statement? a. "I feel mixed-up and confused." b. "Why did this happen to me?" c. "I went to a movie last night. We walked in, and I saw my friend Jim. Then we bought popcorn and we sat down." d. "My lover is mean to me."
c. "I went to a movie last night. We walked in, and I saw my friend Jim. Then we bought popcorn and we sat down."
"I really love my brother," said in a quiet tone with averted eyes, is an example of which of the following? a. Discrepancies in nonverbal behaviors b. Discrepancies in verbal statements c. Discrepancies between what one says and what one does d. Discrepancies between statements and arguments
c. Discrepancies between what one says and what one does
Which of the following is NOT an effective focus of observation? a. Observe client's nonverbal behavior. b. Observe client's verbal behavior. c. Observe client's ongoing thoughts. d. Observe client's discrepancies in verbal and nonverbal behavior.
c. Observe client's ongoing thoughts.
What is acculturation? a. Accurately identifying the ethnic background of a given client. b. The process of growth experienced by the client during helping sessions. c. The degree to which a person adopts the standard way of behaving in a given culture. d. None of the above
c. The degree to which a person adopts the standard way of behaving in a given culture.
Which of the following is the best definition of acculturation? a. Giving up one's own culture and embracing a new culture. b. Maintaining one's own culture while embracing the new. c. The degree to which an individual has adopted the norms of behaving in a given culture. d. The degree to which an individual has learned how to behave in a culturally appropriate way.
c. The degree to which an individual has adopted the norms of behaving in a given culture.
Selective attention is best described in interviewing as: a. ignoring comments from clients that are not productive. b. supporting clients when they talk about positive assets. c. clients tending to talk about what interviewers seem to listen to. d. clients selectively focusing on their interests, regardless of the interviewer's interventions.
c. clients tending to talk about what interviewers seem to listen to.
The client jiggles his or her legs nervously while talking about a forthcoming medical examination. This is a ____. a. discrepancy between statements and other verbal behavior b. discrepancy between what one says and what one does c. discrepancy between a client and a situation d. discrepancy in nonverbal behaviors
c. discrepancy between a client and a situation
It is important to note when clients present observable discrepancies. A client may speak pleasantly about a friend while simultaneously clenching his or her fist. These discrepancies are known as ____. a. discrepancy and conflict between people b. discrepancy in verbal statement c. discrepancy between statement and nonverbal behavior d. none of the above
c. discrepancy between statement and nonverbal behavior
Stereotyping a client: a. is useful to determine which microskills to apply during a session. b. is relatively easy with multicultural clients. c. is discriminatory and naïve. d. is determined by the acculturation of individual clients.
c. is discriminatory and naïve.
When you use observation skills competently as an interviewer, you can predict the client will ____. a. often become very defensive b. pay more attention to interviewer instructions c. often demonstrate movement symmetry or complementarity d. express more emotional release
c. often demonstrate movement symmetry or complementarity
"I am doing well on this examination," said by a European American or European Canadian, middle-class student with eyes downcast. This shows a discrepancy between ____. a. two verbal statements b. what one says and what one reasons c. statements and nonverbal behavior d. the client and a situation
c. statements and nonverbal behavior
"I deserve to pass this course even though I haven't done the homework." This shows a discrepancy between ____. a. two verbal statements b. what one says and what one does c. the client and a situation d. nonverbal behaviors
c. the client and a situation
Your client says, "I agree with you, but will not do what you suggested." This shows a discrepancy between: a. two verbal statements. b. what one says and what one does. c. you and the client. d. nonverbal behaviors.
c. you and the client.
Which of the following alternatives may help you as you begin sessions? a. Patience b. A good sense of humor c. Talk about neutral subjects d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following is TRUE about observation? a. Observation is the act of watching carefully and intentionally. b. The goal of observation is to understand behavior. c. Mastering observation is not easy. d. All of the above
d. All of the above
In Northern European-North American, middle-class culture, which of the following types of body language may suggest a client wanting to close off a topic? a. Complete avoidance of eye contact b. Arms closed tightly over the chest c. Trunk leaning away from the interviewer d. All of these
d. All of these
Which of the following is a valid element of observation skills? a. Observe your own and the client's verbal and nonverbal behavior. b. Anticipate individual and multicultural differences. c. Carefully and selectively offer feedback observations to the client as discussion topics. d. All of these
d. All of these
Should clients match the language of the interviewer, or should the interviewer match the language and style of the client? a. Clients should be referred to helping professionals who match their style. b. Interviewers should always strive to match the client's style. c. Client and interviewer language and styles synchronize in the session. d. Both options can be appropriate given the client and the situation.
d. Both options can be appropriate given the client and the situation.
"I'm not bothered by that," said with a flushed face and a closed fist, is an example of which of the following? a. Discrepancies in nonverbal behaviors b. Discrepancies in verbal statements c. Discrepancies between what one says and what one reasons d. Discrepancies between statements and nonverbal behavior
d. Discrepancies between statements and nonverbal behavior
Which of the following is TRUE? a. How you say something is less important than what you say, particularly if you say it clearly. b. There is less need to say things clearly if you say them well. c. How something is said always is more important than what is actually said. d. How something is said can sometimes override the actual words used by you and the client.
d. How something is said can sometimes override the actual words used by you and the client.
Which of the following statements represent an abstract/formal operational thought statement? a. "My child is very active physically and talks pretty fast. He can get so enthused about something that he knocks over things. Yet, he is able to carry on a conversation and pays attention when I read to him. I wonder why they want to label all this as ADHD." b. "This office has not promoted any women in the last five years." c. "I dropped my child off at school and said 'good-bye' in my native language as that is what we speak at home. A teacher came by and told my son that he had to stop using our language because he is now an American." d. None of these
d. None of these
"He does this to me all the time. It never stops. It's what he does to everyone all the time." This is an example of ____. a. selective attention b. key words c. concrete/situational language d. abstract/formal operational language
d. abstract/formal operational language
In observing a client's nonverbal patterns, one should: a. note the context in which the observation occurs. b. describe the observation in clear behavioral terms. c. separate your observation from your impression. d. all of the above
d. all of the above
To understand how your client feels about a topic, it is usually helpful to: a. reinforce "I" statements by repetition of key words. b. mirror the body posture of the client. c. enhance client experiencing by encouraging discussion of emotions. d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Discrepancies may be observed between: a. a client and a situation. b. verbal statements. c. what one says and what one does. d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
When movements do not mirror one another between a client and an interviewer, but still remain in harmony (a head nod may follow a comment by the other), this is termed a. movement synchrony b. symmetrical conversation c. a double bind d. movement complementarity
d. movement complementarity
According to Weijun Zhang's essay, some Native Americans may not ask questions in public because ____. a. questions may put the other person on the spot b. they disagree with what is being said by the teacher or speaker c. they agree with what is being said by the teacher or speaker d. they don't want to draw attention to themselves
d. they don't want to draw attention to themselves
Observation is: a. secondary to attending and questioning skills. b. less important when you videotape interview sessions. c. focusing only on your client's speech in the interview. d. vital to establishing a helping relationship.
d. vital to establishing a helping relationship.