CH. 4

Motor proteins consist of what 3 domains?

-Head -Hinge -Tail

Peroxisomes have 2 functions: 1. ___________ 2. ______ ___________

1. Detoxification 2. Lipid Metabolism

The Golgi apparatus as 3 main functions: 1. _________ 2. _________ ________ 3. ____________

1. Processing/Modification 2. Protein Sorting 3. Secretion

The golgi apparatus contains 3 compartments: 1. ____ _________ 2. ______ _______ 3. ________ _______

1. cis Golgi 2. trans Golgi 3. medial Golgi

The nucleus occupies _____-_____% of cell volume.

10%-20%

In the cilia and flagella of most eukaryotic organisms, the microtubules form an arrangement called a ____________ ______.

9+2 array

Motor proteins use _______ as an energy source.

ATP

The "head" domain of motor proteins binds ______.

ATP

The "hinge" domain of motor proteins bends when _______ hydrolyzed to _______.

ATP ----> ADP

Microtubules radiate out from ______ _____ attached to the inner surface of the plasma membrane.

Basal bonds

Lysosomes use water molecules to break covalent bonds in __________, ________, ________, and _________ ______.

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, & nucleic acids.

The growth of microtubules in animal cells begins at the _________.

Centrioles

In animal cells, the centrioles are located in the __________.

Centrosome

Microtubules are important in the separation of _________ during cell division.

Chromosomes

Motor proteins facilitate _______ movements.

Circular

Chromosomes include ________ ________.

Condensed chromatin

Cilia move in unison to generate a ______.

Current

Mitochondrion contain their own complement of _______.

DNA

Chromatin inclues __________ + ___________ __________.

DNA + uncondensed proteins

Lysosomes function in the breakdown of _________ causing agents.

Disease

Mitochondrion are a ________ membrane organelle.

Double

The medial Golgi is the region in between the _______ and the _________.

ER & plasma membrane

Peroxisomes originate from the ________.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

The cis Golgi is the region near the ________.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Flagella move the ________ _______.

Entire cell

_________ optimally activate at acidic pH within the lysosome.

Enzymes

Cilia and flagella have the same ________ structure.

Internal

Lysosomes function in the breakdown of intercellular and extracellular __________ to recycle building blocks.

Macromolecules

Eukaryotic cells posses ________-bound organelles in the cytoplasm.

Membrane

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of ________.

Membranes

Microtubules may only shorten on the ______ end.

Minus

The inner membrane of _______ is highly folded (cristae) which increases the surface area.

Mitochondrion

The "tail" domain of motor proteins is attached to _______ within the cell.

Molecules

The "hinge" domain of motor proteins produces __________.

Movement

Lysosomes function in the removal of ____________ _______.

Nonfunctional organelles

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is continuous with the _______ __________.

Nuclear membrane

Components of ribosomes are assembles in the ________.

Nucleolus

_________ are present in non-dividing cells.

Nucleolus

Eukaryotic cells posses membrane-bound organelles in the cytoplasm, including a ______, where the DNA is located.

Nucleus

Centrioles are _______ structures.

Paired

Intermediate filaments are relatively _________.

Permanent

The plasma membrane is selectively __________.

Permeable

Chloroplast functions in ___________.

Photosynthesis

The _______ __________ defines the boundary between the cell and the extracellular environment.

Plasma membrane

The trans Golgi is the region near the _______ ________.

Plasma membrane

Microtubules may only increase in length at the ________ end.

Plus

Actin filaments have a ________ and _______ end.

Plus & minus end

In the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), ________ are packaged into vesicles (membrane-bound sacs) for transport.

Proteins

_________ acts as receptors for signal molecules.

Proteins

_________ transport molecules/ions across the plasma membrane.

Proteins

Components of _______ are assembles in the nucleolus.

Ribosomes

The outer surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is studded with _______.

Ribosomes

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is continuous with rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), but it lacks _________.

Ribosomes

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is continuous with __________, but it lacks ribosomes.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Mitochondrion are ______-___________ organelles.

Self-replicating

__________ __________ _________ detoxifies harmful molecules.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

The nucleus aids in the ________ and _______ of genetic information.

Storage and processing

Cilia tend to cover all or part of the _______ of a cell.

Surface

As a cell increases in size, its volume increases at a higher rate than its _______ ______.

Surface area

The inner membrane of mitochondrion is highly folded (cristae) which increases the _______ ________.

Surface area

Intermediate filaments contain _________-_________ fibers.

Tension-bearing fibers

In a Eukaryotic cell, the DNA is located where?

The DNA is located in the nucleus

What is one key factor explaining why cells are so small?

The interface between a cell and the extracellular environment (plasma membrane)

The proteins in chromatin are ___________.

Uncondensed

In the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), proteins are packaged into ________ for transport.

Vesicles (membrane-bound sacs)

As a cell increases in size, its _______ increases at a higher rate than its surface area.

Volume

Microtubules aid in cell ________, cell _________, and the movement of chromosomes.

cell shape & cell organization

Axoneme is composed of __________, __________, and ________ _________.

microtubules, dynein, and linking proteins

In phospholipids, the tail regions are _________ and _________.

nonpolar and hydrophobic

In phospholipids, the head regions are _________ and _________.

polar and hydrophilic

An important function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is the attachment of carbohydrates to ________ and ________.

proteins & lipids

Examples of Eukaryotes include _______, _________, ________, and _________.

protists, fungi, plants, and animals

Lysosomes use ______ molecules to break covalent bonds in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

water