CH 4 Pretest, CH 6 Pretest, CH 5 Pretest
Socialism refers to a political ideology that emphasizes social ownership, strong government, and reducing economic inequality
True
The small group selected by pollsters to represent the entire population is called a
sample
The fact that only 63 percent of high school graduates have broadband internet access at home while almost 90 percent of college graduates do is an example of
the "digital divide"
Which of the following contains or would have contained the sentence "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex"?
the Equal Rights Amendment
individuals with home high-speed internet access and the technology and literacy skills to use it are called
digital citizens
Libertarianism is a political ideology that
emphasizes freedom and voluntary association with small government
A shared American ideal that all people should have the freedom to use whatever talents and wealth they have to reach their fullest potential is
equality of opportunity
The ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
established the "separate but equal" rule.
A widely circulated story during the 2016 presidential election stating that the Pope had endorsed Donald Trump for president was a good example of
fake news
Which of the following is not an agent of socialization?
none of the above
"Due process of law" is generally defined by the __________ amendments.
Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth
The exclusionary rule was applied to all levels of government by the supreme court in which case?
Mapp v. Ohio
Which of the following is an example of the "gender gap"?
Men are more supportive of Donald Trump's presidency than women
The requirement that a person under arrest be informed of his or her right to remain silent is known as the _________ rule.
Miranda
Which of the following best summarizes the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v Board of education (1954)?
racially segregated schools can never be equal
"Public broadcasting" refers to any television, radio, and digital media that
receive funding from the public through license fees, subsidies, or tax dollars
Which of the following news sources reaches the MOST Americans?
television
Low-level officials who hope to publicize what they view as their bosses' or the government's improper activities are usually called
"whistle-blowers"
Large media conglomerates such as the Hearst, McClatchy, and Gannett own approximately ________ percent of daily newspapers.
75
_________ is power the media have to shape what issues Americans think about and __________ is the power the media have to influence how Americans think about those issues
Agenda-setting;framing
Today, the term liberal refers to someone who generally supports the social and economic status quo and is suspicious of efforts to introduce new political formulas and economic arrangements
False
Which agency regulates broadcast media?
Federal Communications Commission
Which of the following is true about the Bill of Rights?
It is the first constitution 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution
Which statement best describes the relationship between public opinion and government policy?
The relationship between government policy and public opinion is dynamic, wherein government policy responds to public opinion but public opinion also shifts based on new government policies
A political ideology is best defined as
a cohesive set of beliefs that form a general philosophy about government
Habeas corpus refers to
a court order demanding that an individual in custody be brought into court and shown the cause for detention
Reporting in which the media adopt a skeptical or even hostile posture toward the government and public officials is referred to as
adversarial journalism
If public concern and interest in data security issues increased after a number of television and newspaper stories about "hacking". it would be an example of the media's
agenda-setting power
The term "public opinion" is used to describe
attitudes about political issues, leaders, institutions, and events
If a person supports a candidate because he or she is the front-runner in a poll, it is an example of the
bandwagon effect
News produced by individuals and organizations who are not employed as professional journalists is called
citizen journalism
Bernie Sanders is best described as a
democratic socialist
Freedom of speech and of the press have a special place in the american system because
free and open debate is an essential mechanism for determining the quality and validity of competing ideas
What is niche journalism?
news reporting targeted for a demographic of readers based on content or ideological presentation.
Which of the following requires an FCC license in order to legally broadcast in the United States?
over-the-air television
The process by which political values are formed is known as
political socialization
The term "eminent domain" describes the
power of the government to seize private property for public use.
In the Bakke (1978) case, the Supreme Court ruled that
quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were unconstitutional but affirmative action could be used
The tendency to focus news coverage on only one aspect of an event or issue, avoiding coverage of others aspects is called
selection bias
The process by which the Supreme Court has expanded specific parts of the Bill of Rights to protect citizens against state and federal actions is called
selective incorporation
The concept of a marketplace of ideas refers to
the competition between varying opinions and ideas that are aired in public forums.
The requirement that broadcasters provide candidates for the same political office equal opportunities to communicate their messages to the public is called
the equal time rule
The so-called wall of separation between church and state is best found in which clause of the constitution?
the establishment clause
What is the social desirability effect?
the fact that respondents report what they think the interviewer wishes to hear or whatever they think is socially acceptable, rather than what they actually believe
The practice of push polling involves
the procedure of asking loaded questions in order to subtly shape the respondent's opinion.
The Second Amendment to the U.S constitution deals with
the right to bear arms
Pollsters use random digit dialing to gather national samples for surveys because
there is not complete list of all Americans that can be used to identify the population
News reported and distributed by citizens, rather than by professional journalists and for-profit news organizations, is called citizen journalism
true
The Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment provides a constitutional right to keep a loaded handgun at home for self-defense in
District of Columbia v Heller
_________ prevent(s) people from being tried twice for the same crime.
Double jeopardy
The process of preparing the public to take a particular view of an event or political actor is called priming
True
What is a grand jury?
a jury that determines whether there is enough evidence to justify a trial
In Lawrence v Texas (2003), the Supreme Court ruled that
laws criminalizing sexual behavior are a violation of the right to privacy
The main difference between libel and slander is that
libel refers to written statements, while slander refers to oral statements.
The fact that Americans strongly support minimal governmental interference with individuals' lives and property illustrates their commitment to
liberty
Which of the following sets of terms best describes America's fundamental political values?
liberty, equality of opportunity, and democracy
The judicial doctrine that places a heavy burden of proof on the government when it seeks to regulate speech is called
strict scrutiny
In the United States, freedom of the press is protected by
the First Amendment of the Constitution
Which of the following is NOT a reason why many Americans appear to prefer online news?
the accuracy and objectivity compared to traditional media outlets
