Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization (Orion)
Tissues heal _____ in the young than in the aged.
Faster
Cells that have the ability to store triglycerides are _____.
Adipose
_____ epithelium tissue is avascular.
All
The _____ stores the nucleus and most organelles.
Cell body
An injury that destroys the nucleus of a neuron must also have directly injured the _____.
Cell body (which will cause the neuron to die)
Phagocytes do not remain anchored in tissues and move freely throughout their life. This is more commonly seen in _____ tissue.
Connective
____ is composed of extracellular matrix with scattered cells.
Connective tissue B
_____ is considered vascular.
Connective tissue B
Autoimmune diseases are most prevalent in _____.
Connective tissues
The _____ is a part of nervous tissue that functions in the receipt of information on a neuron's surface.
Dendrite
Which part of a neuron functions in initially receiving the stimulus?
Dendrite
A _____ can receive impulses from other neurons.
Dendrite A
_____ form the receptor area of the neuron where input from other neurons is transmitted to the cell body.
Dendrites
Which tissue would be best adapted to resist mechanical and external shearing forces?
Epithelial
_____ tissue covers the body and lines areas such as the mouth.
Epithelial
The most abundant muscles which focus on exercise are the _____.
Skeletal muscles
The _____ cells are connected by desmosomes?
Transitional epithelium A
The _____ is composed of tightly packed cells?
Transitional epithelium A
T/F: Macrophages are NOT found in the connective tissues of a ground substance.
True
Which aspect of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) best facilitates tissue damage in every body system?
*** not chronic condition
Abnormal joining of tissues is termed _____.
Adhesions
In general, immunosuppressive drugs are appropriate as treatment for the most prevalent disorders of _____.
*** not nervous tissue
If the axon of a neuron were destroyed, which of the following would happen to the neuron?
*** not the neuron could no longer transmit action potentials or receive stimuli
What processes typically protrude from a neuron? (2)
- Axon - Dendrites (one or more)
_____ are found in the connective tissues of a ground substance? (3)
- Calcium - Hyaluronic acid - Proteoglycan
_____ tissue has a large extracellular matrix, and _____ tissue has little matrix.
- Connective - Epithelial
Blood is a _____ tissue and the endothelium of blood vessels is an _____ tissue.
- Connective - Epithelium
The basement membrane is composed of two layers, the basal lamina and the reticular lamina, that are produced by which two tissues?
- Epithelial - Connective
Sjogren's syndrome causes the destruction of secretory glands. It directly impacts _____ and may affect the _____.
- Epithelial tissues - Digestive system
Your patient is a woman who suffers from lupus. She is currently in a period of exacerbation of symptoms. What might she be experiencing? (5)
- Joint pain - Hair loss - Butterfly rash - Increase chance of sunburn - Kidney inflammation
When a stimulus is converted into an electrical signal it is called a(n) _____ or _____.
- Nerve impulse - Nerve action potential
Which of the parts of nervous tissue cannot transmit an action potential? (3)
- Neuroglia - Dendrite - Cell Body
You are observing a cell in your microscope. When the cell is electrically stimulated, it transmits an electrical impulse to a receiver. The cell is a _____ and the axon conducted the _____.
- Neuron = Cell - Electricity to the receiver = Axon
Skin consists of a _____ layer and a _____ layer.
- Superficial epidermal - Deeper dermal
Why do the tissues of a younger individual heal faster than those of an older individual? (3)
- They have a better blood supply - Cells have a higher metabolic rate - Cells can synthesize needed materials and divide more rapidly
In a neuron, you might find structural characteristics like a(n) _____. (3)
1. Cell body 2. Axon 3. Dendrites (multiple)
Release of epinephrine from the adrenal gland is stimulated by _____.
?
_____ are produced by specific cells of the body's immune system to detect harmful substances.
Antibodies
Microvilli would be found on _____ epithelial surface.
Apical
Individuals who become bedridden often lose tissue mass. This is called _____.
Atrophy
Which part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses to another cell?
Axon
The _____ is secured by hemidesmosomes.
Basement membrane D
Why can't most organs be referred to as epithelial organs?
Because an organ by definition is a collection of different adult tissue types.
Epithelial tissue depends on which connective tissue for survival?
Blood
The _____ area has a symbiotic relationship, with one supplying a protective covering and the other supplying nutrients.
C? its the whole thing
Compare the cardiac and skeletal muscles.
Cardiac = striated Skeletal = striated
The _____ cell junction is formed by interactions of cadherins.
Desmosomes
_____ tissue has no blood vessels, whereas most connective tissues have significant networks of blood vessels.
Epithelial
When viewing the dermis of skin under the microscope, glands will be seen. What type of tissue will compose the glands?
Epithelium
_____ tissue is better equipped for diffusion of hormones into ECF than is blood.
Epithelium / Epithelial / Epithelia
The ability to conduct an action potential in muscle tissue is called _____.
Excitability
Sjögren's syndrome attacks tissues' lacrimal and salivary glands. These are classified as _____.
Exocrine glands
Areolar tissue contains which cell type in the greatest number?
Fibroblasts
Your patient has been suffering from lupus for many years. Signs that the disease has become severe during the most recent period of exacerbation include _____.
GI tract inflammation
The _____ junction directly connects the cytoplasm of adjacent cells.
Gap
In wound healing, the actively growing connective tissue is called _____.
Granulation tissue
How does pilocarpine help a person who suffers from Sjogren's syndrome?
It artificially increases saliva production
Injuries that damage connective tissue stimulate release of chemicals by _____.
Mast cells
Your patient was recently diagnosed with severe Sjogren's syndrome. What treatment might be recommended?
Medications to replace or increase the lost secretions
_____ tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.
Nervous
A _____ cell can be stimulated by various signals, and then sends electrical signals to other cells and tissues.
Nervous / Nerve / Neuron
The _____ is a part of a neuron that cannot conduct nerve impulses.
Neuroglia
_____ found in the nervous system do not transmit action potentials; instead, they have supporting roles for the neurons.
Neuroglia
_____ transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors.
Neurons
The _____ supports the electrically excitable cell.
Nucleus B
Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that is avascular. If cartilage is damaged, what do you predict about healing time?
Nutrients will diffuse through the matrix and it will heal slowly over time.
Pleuritis, fatigue, pancreatitis, and dryness of mouth and nose are signs of _____.
Sjögren's syndrome
Damage to your somatic nervous system affects voluntary signaling. Which muscles would be affected?
Skeletal
_____ connective tissue is avascular.
Some
Rheumatoid arthritis affects _____.
Synovial membranes
An autoimmune disease that can cause tissue damage in every body system is _____.
Systemic lupus erthrematosus
Prednisone is a steroid medication that works as an anti-inflammatory drug. This may be used to treat _____.
Systemic lupus erythematosis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) happens when the cell bodies and axons of neurons degenerate, leading to complete death of those neurons. What process is directly affected by ALS?
Th conduction of action potentials
Multiple sclerosis is a disorder of the nervous tissue in which the transmission of nerve action potentials is slowed or stopped. Based only on this information, which part of the neuron is affected when a person has multiple sclerosis?
The axon
Tissue inflammation is always accompanied by _____.
Vasodilation
The organs of the abdominal cavity are covered with which membrane?
Visceral peritoneum
_____ tissues cover the outside of the large intestine.
Visceral peritoneum
Implanting insulin producing islet cells from pigs into a human pancreas could help individuals with type-1 diabetes produce their own insulin. This phenomenon is known as _____.
Xenotransplantation
A person who suffers from rheumatoid arthritis is suffering from a/an _____.
autoimmune disorder that affects connective tissues in the joints
How do nutrients reach epithelial tissue on its outer surface?
by diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in connective tissue
A toothpick scraping the inside lining of the cheek would draw blood if it penetrated _____.
the entire epithelial tissue layer and reached the connective tissue layer.