Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization (Orion)

Tissues heal _____ in the young than in the aged.

Faster

Cells that have the ability to store triglycerides are _____.

Adipose

_____ epithelium tissue is avascular.

All

The _____ stores the nucleus and most organelles.

Cell body

An injury that destroys the nucleus of a neuron must also have directly injured the _____.

Cell body (which will cause the neuron to die)

Phagocytes do not remain anchored in tissues and move freely throughout their life. This is more commonly seen in _____ tissue.

Connective

____ is composed of extracellular matrix with scattered cells.

Connective tissue B

_____ is considered vascular.

Connective tissue B

Autoimmune diseases are most prevalent in _____.

Connective tissues

The _____ is a part of nervous tissue that functions in the receipt of information on a neuron's surface.

Dendrite

Which part of a neuron functions in initially receiving the stimulus?

Dendrite

A _____ can receive impulses from other neurons.

Dendrite A

_____ form the receptor area of the neuron where input from other neurons is transmitted to the cell body.

Dendrites

Which tissue would be best adapted to resist mechanical and external shearing forces?

Epithelial

_____ tissue covers the body and lines areas such as the mouth.

Epithelial

The most abundant muscles which focus on exercise are the _____.

Skeletal muscles

The _____ cells are connected by desmosomes?

Transitional epithelium A

The _____ is composed of tightly packed cells?

Transitional epithelium A

T/F: Macrophages are NOT found in the connective tissues of a ground substance.

True

Which aspect of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) best facilitates tissue damage in every body system?

*** not chronic condition

Abnormal joining of tissues is termed _____.

Adhesions

In general, immunosuppressive drugs are appropriate as treatment for the most prevalent disorders of _____.

*** not nervous tissue

If the axon of a neuron were destroyed, which of the following would happen to the neuron?

*** not the neuron could no longer transmit action potentials or receive stimuli

What processes typically protrude from a neuron? (2)

- Axon - Dendrites (one or more)

_____ are found in the connective tissues of a ground substance? (3)

- Calcium - Hyaluronic acid - Proteoglycan

_____ tissue has a large extracellular matrix, and _____ tissue has little matrix.

- Connective - Epithelial

Blood is a _____ tissue and the endothelium of blood vessels is an _____ tissue.

- Connective - Epithelium

The basement membrane is composed of two layers, the basal lamina and the reticular lamina, that are produced by which two tissues?

- Epithelial - Connective

Sjogren's syndrome causes the destruction of secretory glands. It directly impacts _____ and may affect the _____.

- Epithelial tissues - Digestive system

Your patient is a woman who suffers from lupus. She is currently in a period of exacerbation of symptoms. What might she be experiencing? (5)

- Joint pain - Hair loss - Butterfly rash - Increase chance of sunburn - Kidney inflammation

When a stimulus is converted into an electrical signal it is called a(n) _____ or _____.

- Nerve impulse - Nerve action potential

Which of the parts of nervous tissue cannot transmit an action potential? (3)

- Neuroglia - Dendrite - Cell Body

You are observing a cell in your microscope. When the cell is electrically stimulated, it transmits an electrical impulse to a receiver. The cell is a _____ and the axon conducted the _____.

- Neuron = Cell - Electricity to the receiver = Axon

Skin consists of a _____ layer and a _____ layer.

- Superficial epidermal - Deeper dermal

Why do the tissues of a younger individual heal faster than those of an older individual? (3)

- They have a better blood supply - Cells have a higher metabolic rate - Cells can synthesize needed materials and divide more rapidly

In a neuron, you might find structural characteristics like a(n) _____. (3)

1. Cell body 2. Axon 3. Dendrites (multiple)

Release of epinephrine from the adrenal gland is stimulated by _____.

?

_____ are produced by specific cells of the body's immune system to detect harmful substances.

Antibodies

Microvilli would be found on _____ epithelial surface.

Apical

Individuals who become bedridden often lose tissue mass. This is called _____.

Atrophy

Which part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses to another cell?

Axon

The _____ is secured by hemidesmosomes.

Basement membrane D

Why can't most organs be referred to as epithelial organs?

Because an organ by definition is a collection of different adult tissue types.

Epithelial tissue depends on which connective tissue for survival?

Blood

The _____ area has a symbiotic relationship, with one supplying a protective covering and the other supplying nutrients.

C? its the whole thing

Compare the cardiac and skeletal muscles.

Cardiac = striated Skeletal = striated

The _____ cell junction is formed by interactions of cadherins.

Desmosomes

_____ tissue has no blood vessels, whereas most connective tissues have significant networks of blood vessels.

Epithelial

When viewing the dermis of skin under the microscope, glands will be seen. What type of tissue will compose the glands?

Epithelium

_____ tissue is better equipped for diffusion of hormones into ECF than is blood.

Epithelium / Epithelial / Epithelia

The ability to conduct an action potential in muscle tissue is called _____.

Excitability

Sjögren's syndrome attacks tissues' lacrimal and salivary glands. These are classified as _____.

Exocrine glands

Areolar tissue contains which cell type in the greatest number?

Fibroblasts

Your patient has been suffering from lupus for many years. Signs that the disease has become severe during the most recent period of exacerbation include _____.

GI tract inflammation

The _____ junction directly connects the cytoplasm of adjacent cells.

Gap

In wound healing, the actively growing connective tissue is called _____.

Granulation tissue

How does pilocarpine help a person who suffers from Sjogren's syndrome?

It artificially increases saliva production

Injuries that damage connective tissue stimulate release of chemicals by _____.

Mast cells

Your patient was recently diagnosed with severe Sjogren's syndrome. What treatment might be recommended?

Medications to replace or increase the lost secretions

_____ tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.

Nervous

A _____ cell can be stimulated by various signals, and then sends electrical signals to other cells and tissues.

Nervous / Nerve / Neuron

The _____ is a part of a neuron that cannot conduct nerve impulses.

Neuroglia

_____ found in the nervous system do not transmit action potentials; instead, they have supporting roles for the neurons.

Neuroglia

_____ transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors.

Neurons

The _____ supports the electrically excitable cell.

Nucleus B

Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that is avascular. If cartilage is damaged, what do you predict about healing time?

Nutrients will diffuse through the matrix and it will heal slowly over time.

Pleuritis, fatigue, pancreatitis, and dryness of mouth and nose are signs of _____.

Sjögren's syndrome

Damage to your somatic nervous system affects voluntary signaling. Which muscles would be affected?

Skeletal

_____ connective tissue is avascular.

Some

Rheumatoid arthritis affects _____.

Synovial membranes

An autoimmune disease that can cause tissue damage in every body system is _____.

Systemic lupus erthrematosus

Prednisone is a steroid medication that works as an anti-inflammatory drug. This may be used to treat _____.

Systemic lupus erythematosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) happens when the cell bodies and axons of neurons degenerate, leading to complete death of those neurons. What process is directly affected by ALS?

Th conduction of action potentials

Multiple sclerosis is a disorder of the nervous tissue in which the transmission of nerve action potentials is slowed or stopped. Based only on this information, which part of the neuron is affected when a person has multiple sclerosis?

The axon

Tissue inflammation is always accompanied by _____.

Vasodilation

The organs of the abdominal cavity are covered with which membrane?

Visceral peritoneum

_____ tissues cover the outside of the large intestine.

Visceral peritoneum

Implanting insulin producing islet cells from pigs into a human pancreas could help individuals with type-1 diabetes produce their own insulin. This phenomenon is known as _____.

Xenotransplantation

A person who suffers from rheumatoid arthritis is suffering from a/an _____.

autoimmune disorder that affects connective tissues in the joints

How do nutrients reach epithelial tissue on its outer surface?

by diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in connective tissue

A toothpick scraping the inside lining of the cheek would draw blood if it penetrated _____.

the entire epithelial tissue layer and reached the connective tissue layer.