Ch 48
Bile
a. breaks down globules of fat into tiny droplets
Most of the body's energy needs should be supplied by dietary
a. carbohydrates.
Refer to the illustration above. The structure shown is most likely a portion of a
a. fat molecule
Refer to the illustration above. At the location labeled "X,"
a. filtration is taking place
The first stage of urine formation is called
a. filtration.
Vitamins are organic compounds that
a. help activate enzymes during chemical reactions.
All essential amino acids
a. must be obtained from the foods we eat
The villi of the small intestine allow for an increase in the rate of
a. nutrient absorption
Refer to the illustration above. This structure allows for an increase in
a. nutrient absorption area.
The wavelike contractions of muscle that move food through the digestive system are called
a. peristalsis.
Pepsin and hydrochloric acid in the stomach begin the digestion of
a. protein.
Refer to the illustration above. The structure shown in the diagram is the basic unit of the
a. salts, amino acids, glucose, and urea.
ureter : urinary bladder ::
a. urea is less toxic to the body
Refer to the illustration above. Structure 1 is a(n)
a. villus.
Refer to the illustration above. Structure 2 is
b. a capillary
Excessive amounts of vitamins such as vitamins A, D, E, and K
b. can be harmful.
Refer to the illustration above. Most of the energy in the molecule shown is stored in the
b. carbon-hydrogen bonds
The filtrate removed from the blood by the kidneys might contain
b. less water, fewer minerals, and more urea
The pharynx is
b. located in the back of the throat.
Refer to the illustration above. The structure shown in the diagram is a(n)
b. nephron.
The basic functional unit of the kidney is the
b. nephron.
Refer to the illustration above. What is the name of structure 5?
b. stomach
Ammonia is converted to urea because
b. urethra
Enzymes in saliva begin the chemical digestion of
c. carbohydrates
The first portion of the small intestine is the
c. duodenum.
small intestine : large intestine ::
c. esophagus : stomach
Brain cells and red blood cells receive most of their energy directly from
c. glucose.
The kidneys play a major role in maintaining
c. homeostasis by removing urea, water, and other wastes from the blood
Urine leaves the body through the
c. kidney.
pancreas : enzymes for small intestine ::
c. liver : bile
Refer to the illustration above. This structure is found in the
c. small intestine
Which of the following provides a passage for both food and air?
c. the pharynx
Urine, when compared with the initial filtrate, contains
c. urea
Which of the following filtrates is not reabsorbed in significant quantities back into the bloodstream by the nephrons?
c. urinary bladder : urethra
Refer to the illustration above. Most of the products of digestion are absorbed into the circulatory system from which structure?
d. 4
Chemical digestion occurs as a result of the action of
d. All of the above
Nutrients provide the body with the energy and materials it needs for
d. All of the above
The function of the digestive system is to
d. All of the above
Vitamin K
d. All of the above
Fat molecules are broken down into fatty acids by
d. enzymes.
Urea is formed in the
d. liver.
