Ch. 4&5 study test

Storage of high-energy molecules and minerals. Lends support Transport of nutrients, gases, enzymes and hormones. Attachment of one tissue to another

Functions of Connective Tissue

2nd degree burn

The type of burn involving all of the epidermis and part of the dermis would be categorizes as ______.

Chondrocytes

Cells that secrete cartilage

Thin skin

Covers most of the body Has four layers of keratinocytes

Thick skin

Covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet Has five layers of keratinocytes

Classification of burns is based on ______

Depth of the damage Extent of the surface area involved

Scar

A large amount of granulation tissue converted to dense irregular collagenous connective tissue during tissue repair

Langerhan cells

immune cells

Melanocyte

promotes skin color (melanin)

Skin touches the:

tips of toes finger tips soles of feet palms of hands

Regeneration

In _____, the new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed.

Integumentary system function

Sensation of environmental stimuli Resistance to infection Thermoregulation

Arrector pili

"Goosebumps" are caused by the action of ______.

Fibrocartilage

Between vertebrae

Neurons Glia

2 cell types found in nervous tissue

Fluid, ground substance, protein fibers

3 components for extracellular matrix

elastic, fibrocartilage, hyaline

3 types of cartilage

adipose, reticular, areolar

3 types of loose connective tissue

collagen, reticular, elastic

3 types of protein fibers in fibrous connective tissue

Epithelial, Muscular, Connective, Nervous Tissues

4 primary tissue types

Inflammation or edema

A normal tissue response to injury that involves redness, swelling, heat, pain, and altered functioning of the affected area is called

Tissue

An aggregation of cells and extracellular materials which performs a discrete function is known as a(n) ______. Collections of specialized cells and extra-cellular substances around them are known as a(n)

Cuboidal

An epithelial cell who's the height and width are about equal, is referred to as being

Simple

An epithelium consisting of a single layer of cells in which all cells rest directly on the basement membrane is ______.

Simple; Stratified

An epithelium consisting of one layer of cells is classified as ___, and an epithelium consisting of multiple layers is classified as ___.

Statements about calluses

Are localized thickenings in the stratum corneum Develop in areas subject to heavy friction or pressure

loose; dense

Areolar tissue is a type of ____ connective tissue whereas tendons and ligaments are comprised of ____ regular connective tissue

Components of the dermis

Blood vessels Fibers Glands Nerve fibers

Eccrine

Body temperature regulation is a function of the _____ glands

loss of elasticity and flexibility

Changes in the cells, extracellular materials and tissues in older adults cause a ______.

Merkel cells

Detect touch and pressure

Calluses

Develop in areas subject to heavy friction or pressure Are localized thickenings in the stratum corneum

False

Epithelial tissue is highly vascular.

increase

Erythema is caused by a(n) _____ in blood flow to the skin which makes the skin appear more red or pink in color.

During inflammation blood vessels dilate, increasing the delivery of white blood cells to the area. Clotting that occurs helps to isolate injurious agents. Blood vessels become more permeable and allow white blood cells to move into damaged tissue more easily.

Explain how inflammation protects the body

Elastic

Frame of the ear

3rd degree burn

Full thickness burn

Exocrine; endocrine

Glands that release their secretions via ducts onto a body surface are ____ glands, while glands that release their secretions into the blood are ____ glands

Dilation of blood vessels Increased capillary permeability

Identify the effects of chemical mediators released during the inflammatory response

Collagen

Identify the fiber type of connective tissue that is strong, flexible, and resists stretching.

Dense collagenous Reticular Dense elastic Adipose Areolar

Identify the types of connective tissue proper

Blood Hemopoietic tissue

Identify the types of fluid connective tissue.

Nonvascular

In regard to the presence of blood vessels, epithelial tissue is ______.

Exposure to sunlight leads to which of the following?

Increased melanin and darkening of the skin

Increased permeability of blood vessels

Increased movement of white blood cells from the blood to the damaged tissue

Vasodilation

Increases speed of delivery of white blood cells to damaged tissue

Macrophage

Ingests foreign and injured cells

Clotting

Isolates foreign particles and microorganisms from the rest of the body

Describe erythema.

It can be caused by emotions such as anger or embarrassment. It results from an inflammatory response. It may occur in response to exposure to the cold.

Subcutaneous tissue

Loose connective and adipose

Dermis

Loose connective and dense irregular The strongest layer of the skin is the ______.

Osteocytes

Maintain bone

Describe partial thickness burns.

May involve only the epidermis Are subdivided into first- and second-degree burns

stratum corneum

Most superficial layer of the Epidermis Which layer of the epidermis is composed of about 25 layers of dead keratinized cells?

pseudostratified epithelium

Multiple layers due to difference in cell height but are really one layer.

Elongated fibers (cells) that are specialized to contract

Muscular tissue consists of what type of cells or fibers?

Arrangement of dermal papillae

Name the feature of the skin that creates your fingerprints.

Sebum

Name the oily component of the secretion of the sebaceous glands.

Regeneration and Replacement

Name the two processes that result in the repair of injured tissue.

Muscle tissue

Of the four classes of tissues, the tissue that consists of elongated fibers that are specialized to contract in response to stimulation is

Mast cell

Releases chemicals in response to injury

Epidermis

Stratified squamous epithelium Layer associated with the integument that is avascular.

Neuron

The conducting cells of nervous tissue are called

Pseudostratified

The epithelial type that has both tall and short columnar cells, where not all reach the free surface, thus creating a false appearance of stratification, is ____ columnar epithelium.

Areolar tissue

The loose connective tissue that is the "loose packing" material of most organs and attaches epithelial tissue to deeper tissue is called

Histology

The microscopic study of tissues is called

Hyaline

Tip of the nose

Cardiac, skeletal, smooth

The three types of muscle tissue are

Regular

The type of connective tissue that helps to tightly bind bones together, resist stress, attach muscle to bone, and transfer muscular tension to bones is called dense

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

The type of epithelium that makes up the epidermis is ______.

Reticular protein

Thin collagen fibers coated with glycoprotein that form networks of fibers are called

Neurons

What are the conducting cells of nervous tissue?

Act as a barrier Secretion of substances

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

Shape of epithelial cells Number of cell layers

What are the two criteria used to classify the different types of epithelial tissue?

Connective tissue proper

What class of connective tissue does areolar, adipose, dense collagenous and elastic collagenous represent?

Fluid connective tissue

What class of connective tissue does blood and hemopoietic tissue represent?

Supporting connective tissue

What class of connective tissue does bone and cartilage represent?

connective tissue

What class of tissue is comprised of widely spaced cells and abundant extracellular material?

Matrix

What is the extracellular material of a tissue called?

Framework for lymphatic organs

What is the function of reticular tissue?

Glia

What nervous tissue cells protect and insulate neurons?

Dense irregular

What type of connective tissue contains thick bundles of collagen that run in random directions?

Dense Regular

What type of connective tissue forms tendons that help to tightly bind bones together?

Adipose

What type of connective tissue is the storage location for triglycerides?

Reticular

What type of fibers form a spongelike framework for such organs as the spleen and lymph nodes?

Elastic fibers

What type of protein fibers account for the ability of the skin, lungs, and arteries to spring back after they are stretched?

Epithelial

What type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities? The type of tissue capable of continuous regeneration is?

Has a perichondrium

Which is a characteristic of cartilage?

Cardiac

Which muscle tissue is composed of cells which are branched, striated, uninucleate and under involuntary control?

Smooth

Which muscle tissue is composed of cells which are fusiform, uninucleate, nonstriated and under involuntary control?

Arteries, lungs

Which organs or structures are able to return to their original shape due to the presence of elastin fibers?

muscle

Which tissue can exert physical force on other tissues and organs?

neuroglial

Within nervous tissue, a variety of cell types that, as a group, are called ____ cells protect and insulate neurons

Cyanosis

bluish discoloration of the skin

Osteoclasts

break down bone

The cells in the most superficial layer of the skin are dead because _______.

cells die as they move away from their nutrient supply in the dermis

Cells in the stratum spinosum are nourished by blood vessels located in the ______.

dermis

2 types of sweat glands

eccrine and apocrine

Osteoblasts

form bone tissue

Fibroblasts

form fibrous connective tissue

1st degree burn

involves damage to the epidermis

Fibrocytes

maintain fibrous connective tissue

2 zones of dermis

papillary layer and reticular layer

Chondroblasts

produce cartilage

Melanin function

protection from UV radiation

Keratinocyte

reduce water loss

stratified epithelium

several layers of cells

simple epithelium

single layer of cells

Adipocytes

store lipids

layers of epidermis

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum