Ch 5 (Bio 5)
How many bones are in the human body?
206
What bones form cheekbones in skulls of mammals?
zygomatic bones
What is the most appropriate age group to begin HGH injections?
7-10 year olds
Carpals
8 bones that form the wrist and are connected to radius and ulna
Temporal
Bones that form on either side of cranium and are thought of as temples
Which of the following occurs after a calcium-rich meal?
Calcitonin stimulates activities of osteoblasts and removes calcium from the blood
The number of bones in a newborn exceeds the number of bones in an adult. Why would the number of bones decrease over time?
Some of the bones of babies will eventually fuse together to become one larger bone
Lumbar
Vertebrae in lower back region just above sacral region
Pubic symphysis
during childbirth, hormones loosen its cartilage to allow pelvis to widen
Femur
also known as thighbone, it rotates within socket in pelvis
The first step in the healing of a fracture is the formation of ____.
blood clot
Osteoclasts
bone cells that break down bone tissue
Humerus
bone that is connected to the pectoral girdle and forms a joint with the radius and ulna
Metatarsals
bones in feet that are connected to the phalanges anteriorly and to tarsal bones posteriorly
Fluid-filled sacs known as ____ function to cushion certain joints, such as elbow joint.
bursae
The hormone ____ removes calcium from the blood and causes it to be stored in the bone.
calcitonin
Osteoblasts
calcitonin stimulates the activity of these bone cells
Osteoblasts deposit ____ on the collagen frame during the development of bone from cartilage.
calcium salts
One of the functions of the skeletal system is storage of ___ and ___.
calcium, phosphorus
Human skeleton
can release phosphorus can store fat can produce blood cells
Structure of the callus
cartilage
What causes inflammation and pain in carpal tunnel syndrome?
certain continuous hand motions cause the tendons to repeatedly rub against bone
Vertebrae in the neck are classified as ____ vertebrae.
cervical
What bone forms connection between the scapula and the sternum to support the pectoral girdle?
clavicles
Which of the cranial bones separates the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity and provides the olfactory nerves with access to the brain?
ethmoid
The main weight-bearing in the lower extremities is known as
femur
The ____ joints have no joint cavity and usually do not permit movement. Sutures between skull bones are this kind of joint.
fibrous
How do you treat a sprained ankle?
first use ice to reduce swelling, and then use heat much later to aid healing
Membranous areas in the infant skull that join bones and function to allow for rapid growth of the brain are known as
fontanels
What joints allow movement in only one plane, such as in the knee or elbow?
hinge
What can cause a slipped disk?
improper lifting, leading to a bulge in disk between 2 lumbar vertebrae
Where would you find yellow bone marrow?
in shaft of long bones
The _____ bones are 2 small bones found at the corner of the eyes that have a duct system that drains tears from the eyes into the nasal chambers.
lacrimal
Straps of connective tissue that holds bones together, supports joints, and direct movement are known as
ligaments
The _____ forms the lower jaw in humans.
mandible
The ____ is formed from 2 bones that are fused at the midline, forming the upper jaw.
maxilla
The condition known as cleft palate is due to the ____ bones not fusing properly.
maxillae
Which of the following are bones that form the bridge of the nose?
nasal
The ____ divides the left and right chambers inside the nose.
nasal septum
The _____ bone contains the foramen magnum.
occipital
What cells form new bone in bone tissue?
osteoblasts
A condition in which the bone is broken down faster than it is built is known as ____.
osteoporosis
____ mostly affects women, when breakdown of the bone outpaces the formation of new bone during bone remodeling.
osteoporosis
Which hormone causes calcium to be released from bone into bloodstream?
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
The ____ girdle connects the legs to the vertebral column.
pelvic
What covers compact bone and functions in bone repair and growth?
periosteum
The bones that make up the digits of the hands or feet are known as
phalanges
Sacrum
produced from fusion of 5 vertebrae and allows an individual to sit
Functions of the skeletal system
protects internal organs releases stored calcium and phosphorus when body needs to use them produces blood cells
A cartilage disk that joins the 2 pelvic bones in the anterior region of the pelvic girdle is known as
pubic symphysis
In the spongy bone, what produces blood cells?
red marrow
How does calcitonin lower calcium levels in the blood?
reduces osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity
The pectoral girdle is composed of the _____, or shoulder blades, and collarbones.
scapulae
Tarsals
seven bones that form the ankle
If a women does not get enough calcium in her diet during pregnancy, what is likely to happen to her bone tissue?
she may experience significant bone loss due to lack of calcium in her diet, but nothing significant
What evidence from bones would they look for to determine the age of a person?
size of bones and the condition of the growth plate
A ___ is defines as damage to a ligament that can take longer to heal than muscular damage because the ligament does not have a large blood supply.
sprain
Best regimen to rebuild lost bone tissue
start with walking and build up to jogging, with an extra regimen of light weight lifting in the gym
Bands of connective tissue that helps muscles attach to bones are termed
tendons
Foramen magnum
the opening at the base of the cranium through which the spinal cord passes
Why do women experience the symptoms of osteoporosis more acutely than men?
women have less bone mass and produce less estrogen later in life; these factors accelerate calcium loss
The ____ is the site in long bones that stores fatty tissue used for energy.
yellow marrow
A series of interconnected bones that form the backbone of all mammals, fishes, reptiles, and birds is the _____.
vertebral column
