CH 5

7.___ In comparing Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory to Alderfer's ERG theory a. ERG theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time. b. Maslow's theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time. c. ERG theory is based upon observations of individuals in clinical settings. d. Maslow's theory suggests that individuals who are frustrated in their attempts to satisfy one need may regress to another one.

a. ERG theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time.

9.___ Which of the following is a criticism of Herzberg's theory of motivation? a. The primary research methodology used to arrive at hygiene and motivator factors is flawed. b. The classification of factors as hygiene or motivator is missing the factor of satisfiers. c. Pay should be classified as a motivator, not as a hygiene factor. d. The theory suggests that improving the environment only goes so far in motivating employees.

a. The primary research methodology used to arrive at hygiene and motivator factors is flawed.

3.___ Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation a. suggests once basic needs are satisfied, higher order needs become motivators. b. enjoys strong research support. c. is a systematic approach managers can utilize to explain the similar needs employees have at any given time and the similar reactions of employees to similar treatment. d. was developed based on Maslow's observations of individual employees in a variety of workplace settings.

a. suggests once basic needs are satisfied, higher order needs become motivators.

16.___ Michael has two finals, accounting and organizational behavior, on the same day of finals week. Based on expectancy theory, which of the following statements suggest how he should allocate his limited study time? a. For the previous three OB exams Michael studied for hours and received below average grades. He spent fewer hours studying for accounting and earned above average grades. He therefore decides to focus his efforts equally on OB and accounting. b. Accounting is Michael's major, OB is a general business requirement in his academic program. Michael aspires to be a CPA, so he decides to focus his study time on Accounting. c. Michael is switching to another college for a communication major after this semester. His business courses will not count toward his total credits at the new college. His grades on these exams will not matter, but he decides to focus on his accounting anyway. d. Michael loved the group work format that his OB instructor used to teach the course and disliked the lecture format utilized by his accounting professor. He decides to focus his attention on OB.

b. Accounting is Michael's major, OB is a general business requirement in his academic program. Michael aspires to be a CPA, so he decides to focus his study time on Accounting

12.___ *McClelland designed a method of showing the subject an ambiguous image and having them write a story about it. The name of this method and what it assesses is the a. ERG Theory; hierarchical need b. Thematic Apperception Test; dominant need c. Two-Factor Theory; hierarchical need d. Acquired-Needs Theory; subordinate need

b. Thematic Apperception Test; dominant need

14.___ Individuals who expect yearly wage increases without exhibiting increased performance may be labeled a. benevolents. b. entitleds. c. equitably insensitive. d. expectancy sensitive.

b. entitleds

1.___ *The underlying philosophy of The Walt Disney Company is that a. if you pay employees enough, they will fake happiness b. happy employees will lead to happy customers c. the customer is always right d. with a well-written employee manual, all employees are accountable

b. happy employees will lead to happy customers

10.___ Abdul tends to emphasize harmonious interpersonal relationships, prefers to be with friends, and enjoys family events. Abdul would probably be categorized as being a. low in need for achievement. b. high in need for affiliation. c. high in need for power. d. low in need for affiliation.

b. high in need for affiliation.

19.___ The first step of an organizational behavior modification (OB Mod) program is a. evaluate and maintain. b. identify behavior to be modified. c. analyze behavior antecedents and outcomes. d. measure the baseline level.

b. identify behavior to be modified

4.___ The ability for employees to do interesting and rewarding work at The Walt Disney Company satisfies which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? a. safety b. self-actualization c. social d. physiological

b. self-actualization

13.___ Research on equity theory suggests a. those who perceive inequity increase their work performance. b. those who feel over-rewarded experience little distress over the situation. c. those who feel over-rewarded experience guilt over the situation. d. those who perceive inequity encourage their fellow coworkers to work less hard.

b. those who feel over-rewarded experience little distress over the situation.

2.___ *Which of the following is true about motivation? a. Being motivated is the same as being a high performer. b. Motivation is the sole reason why people perform well. c. Motivation has a key influence over an employee's performance level. d. Motivation is usually the most critical factor in a person's performance.

c. Motivation has a key influence over an employee's performance level

18.___ Negative reinforcement a. decreases the desired behavior. b. decreases the frequency of negative behavior. c. increases the desired behavior. d. reduces the frequency of undesired behavior.

c. increases the desired behavior

15.___ Research on procedural justice suggests a. it is best to exclude employees from commenting on potential changes in company procedures like performance appraisals because they do not understand the decision-making process anyway. b. it is best to unexpectedly announce department-wide layoffs because when employees suspect changes in their job status are upcoming, they tend to become much less productive. c. it is best to be consistent in the manner in which employees are disciplined for violating company policy for situations like cell phone usage. d. it is best to send an announcement of changes to the company benefit package for the next fiscal year without providing explanatory details because employees do not understand the financial implications anyway.

c. it is best to be consistent in the manner in which employees are disciplined for violating company policy for situations like cell phone usage

8.___ Which of the following is a hygiene factor in Herzberg's theory of motivation? a. promotion opportunities. b. interesting work. c. salary. d. achievement.

c. salary.

17.___ In expectancy theory, valence is a. the perception that high levels of effort will lead to outcomes of interest like performance. b. the perception that performance is related to subsequent outcomes such as rewards. c. the anticipated satisfaction that will result from an outcome. d. the degree to which people are treated with respect, kindness, and dignity.

c. the anticipated satisfaction that will result from an outcome.

11.___ Which of the following need-based theories has received the greatest amount of research support? a. Herzberg's two-factor theory b. Maslow's hierarchy of needs c. Alderfer's ERG theory d. McClelland's acquired needs theory

d. McClelland's acquired needs theory

5.___ Your paycheck could likely satisfy which of the following needs identified by Maslow? a. physiological needs. b. esteem needs. c. safety needs. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

20.___ Research on motivation in different cultures indicates that a a. high power distance cultures value having a voice in the justice process. b. Chinese study participants place the highest value on procedural justice. c. equity is not culture specific; all cultures utilize this method to achieve fairness. d. in industrialized nations, satisfaction with esteem needs was a more powerful motivator than satisfaction of physiological or security needs.

d. in industrialized nations, satisfaction with esteem needs was a more powerful motivator than satisfaction of physiological or security needs.

6.___ Alderfer's existence needs correspond to Maslow's a. social needs. b. esteem needs. c. self-actualization needs. d. safety needs.

d. safety needs.