ch 6
Which is an organic component of bone?
Collagen fibers
True or False: Typically bones of athletes become noticeably thinner as a result of repetitive and stressful exercise.
False
True or false: Osseous connective tissue is the only tissue type found in bones.
False
Which statements correctly describe compact bone?
It forms the external walls of a long bone. It is solid and relatively dense.
Which statements characterize the periosteum?
It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones. It helps to heal bone fractures. It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue.
Which statements describe the inorganic components of the matrix of bone?
It gives the bone its hardness. It contains hydroxyapatite crystals.
Which tissue types are found in bones?
Nervous tissue Osseous connective tissue Blood
Which blood vessel supplies the diaphysis of a long bone?
Nutrient artery
A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called ______.
articular cartilage
The ______ provides the major weight support of a long bone.
diaphysis
The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its
diaphysis
Which hormone promotes calcium deposition in bone and inhibits osteoclast activity?
Calcitonin
Which statements characterize the effect of Vitamin D?
It aids in the calcification of bone. It promotes absorption of phosphate and calcium into the blood.
Which statements describe an osteon?
It contains a central canal. It runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone. It is also called a Haversian system. It is microscopic
Which statements characterize the microscopic arrangement of spongy bone?
It contains parallel lamellae. It contains lacunae and canaliculi. It contains no osteons.
Which statements characterize articular cartilage?
It is composed of hyaline cartilage. It functions to reduce friction in joints. It covers an epiphysis.
Which statements are true regarding cartilage?
It is found in the head, arms, legs, and trunk of the body. It is more flexible than bone. It contains cells and a matrix.
Which statements describe the matrix of bone?
It is harder than the matrix of cartilage. It is composed of organic and inorganic substances.
Which statements characterize cartilage?
It provides a gliding surface at joints. It supports soft tissues It provides a model for the formation of bones.
Which is a function of cartilage?
It supports the auricle of the ear.
______ remove bone matrix and ______ add to it.
Osteoclasts, osteoblasts
In a severe protein-deficient diet, which portion of the bone matrix will be reduced?
Osteoid The organic component
Which statements characterize the effects of exercise on bones?
Regular weight-bearing exercise can increase total bone mass. Exercise increases the production of the hormone calcitonin. Exercise promotes bone remodeling.
Which statements characterize central canals of osteons?
They are cylindrical channels. They contain nerves. They contain blood vessels.
Which statement(s) characterize osteoclasts?
They are phagocytic. They have ruffled borders. They reabsorb bone matrix. They secrete hydrochloric acid.
Which statements characterize osteocytes?
They reside in lacunae. They maintain bone matrix.
In an individual lacking calcium in their diet, how might their bones suffer?
They will be weak and flexible.
In an individual consuming a severe protein-deficient diet, how might their bones be affected?
They will likely be very brittle.
Choose the bones formed through endochondral ossification.
Upper limb bones Lower limb bones Vertebrae
Which vitamin activates osteoblasts?
Vitamin A
Which vitamin promotes collagen production?
Vitamin C
The organic components of bone provide ______.
a resistance to stretching
A bone's growth in diameter is called
appositional growth
Growth along the periphery of cartilage is called
appositional growth
Functions of bone include ______.
blood cell formation mineral storage support protection
In bone, smooth muscle tissue is found in
blood vessels of bone
The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the ______.
central canal
An osteon is the basic functional and structural microscopic unit of ______.
compact bone
In a(n) _____ fracture, one or both ends of a broken bone pierce the overlying skin.
compound
Cartilage is what type of tissue?
connective tissue
A patient with hyperparathyroidism, a disease where too much PTH is produced, would be expected to have ______.
decreased bone mass. elevated blood calcium levels.
The bones of the upper and lower limbs are produced through
endochondral ossification
In osteolysis, the liberated calcium ______.
enters the blood
A thin line of compact bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a mature bone is called the ______.
epiphyseal line
The structure that replaces the epiphyseal plate in adult bone is the ______.
epiphyseal line
Interstitial bone growth occurs within the ______ of a bone.
epiphyseal plate
The expanded end of a long bone is called the ______.
epiphysis
The _____ substance is the semisolid material that suspends and supports the collagen fibers; it is part of the organic materials in the matrix of bone.
ground
Calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide interact to form ______ in the matrix of bone.
hydroxyapatite crystals
Ossification begins ______.
in the embryo
The function of parathyroid hormone is to ______.
increase blood calcium levels
When osteoblast activity out paces osteoclast activity, bone mass ______.
increases
A long bone's growth in length is called ______.
interstitial growth
Growth from within cartilage is called
interstitial growth
The type of ossification that is also referred to as dermal ossification, is called _____ ossification.
intramembranous
Bone growth within a membrane is called ______.
intramembranous ossification
The cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the ______.
medullary cavity
Which components of bone matrix provides its tensile strength?
organic components
The formation and development of bone is ______.
ossification
______ are large phagocytic cells found in bone.
osteoclasts
Mature bone cells are called ______.
osteocytes
When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called
osteocytes
The release of stored calcium and phosphate from the bone matrix is called
osteolysis
A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called the ______.
periosteum
Osteoblasts function to ______.
produce osteoid
Which is a function of bone?
protection of organs
The epiphysis of a long bone closest to the body trunk is the ______ epiphysis.
proximal
In the structure of the epiphyseal plate, the zone farthest away from the medullary cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is the zone of ______.
resting cartilage
The broken bone does not penetrate the skin in a ______.
simple fracture
Cancellous or trabecular bone is also called
spongy bone
The medullary cavity of adult bone contains
yellow bone marrow
