Ch. 6 CVD Cardiovascular Health

263 40. If Dominique wanted to follow the current dietary recommendation related to the upper limit of how many of his total kcalories should come from saturated fat, he would consume no more than _____ kcalories of his total of 2700 kcalories from saturated fat. a. 270 b. 340 c. 405 d. 485

a. 270

255 10. A high concentration of which of the following biological markers is related to increased risk for cardiovascular disease? a. C-reactive protein b. Albumin c. Blood glucose d. HDL cholesterol

a. C-reactive protein

259 19. Which of the following statements is true? a. Experts believe that oxidized LDL are more likely to be engulfed by foam cells than non-oxidized LDL. b. Research has demonstrated a correlation between high blood HDL levels and increased formation of plaques in the blood vessels. c. Oxidized LDL form when LDL particles are subjected to antioxidant effects. d. Genetic makeup is not considered an influence on one's susceptibility to arterial plaque buildup.

a. Experts believe that oxidized LDL are more likely to be engulfed by foam cells than non-oxidized LDL

264 45. Which of the following are potassium-rich food sources? a. Legumes, potatoes, seafood b. Whole-grain bread, pasta, and beef c. Cereals, apples, and carrots d. None of the above

a. Legumes, potatoes, seafood

259 24. Which lipoprotein transports cholesterol in the blood to cells? a. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) b. Intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) c. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) d. Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)

a. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

262 37. Examples of nutrients that function as antioxidants include vitamin C, β-carotene, selenium, and _____. a. vitamin E b. folic acid c. B6 d. B12

a. Vitamin E

254 8. Atherosclerosis occurs when _____ form in the lumen or walls of an artery. a. fatty deposits b. mineral deposits c. breaks d. bulges

a. fatty deposits

254 4. When atherosclerosis occurs in coronary arteries it can cause: a. heart disease. b. liver disease. c. kidney disease. d. None of the above

a. heart disease

258 15. The risk factors for cardiovascular disease that include age, gender, genetics, and race are classified as _____ and _____. a. major, nonmodifiable b. contributing, nonmodifiable c. major, modifiable d.contributing, modifiable

a. major, nonmodifiable

258 20. Of the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which are major causes of high blood pressure? a. Obesity and smoking b. Smoking and elevated lipids c. Obesity and stress d. Smoking and alcohol consumption

a. obesity and smoking

254 6. An aneurysm can cause: a. outward bulging of a blood vessel. b. elevated blood pressure. c. a rapid release of lipids into the blood. d. a and b

a. outward bulging of a blood vessel

264 43. Experts recommend that we consume no more than 2300 mg of sodium per day, which is equivalent to _____ of salt per day. a. ½ teaspoon b. 1 teaspoon c. 1 ½ teaspoons d. 1 tablespoon

b. 1 teaspoon

254 2. What is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease? a. Imbalances in the levels of circulating blood lipids b. A slowing or complete obstruction of blood flow to parts of the body c. A slowing or complete lack of hemoglobin's ability to bind oxygen d.Imbalances in electrolytes, especially sodium and potassium

b. A slowing or complete obstruction of blood flow to parts of the body.

254 5. What is an aneurysm? a. A clot in a blood vessel b. A weak or distended area in a blood vessel c. A hardened plaque-like area in a blood vessel d. A total blockage of a blood vessel

b. A weak or distended area in a blood vessel

260 32. What is the DASH diet an acronym for? a. Daily Actions to Stem Hypertension b. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension c. Daily Approaches for Stifling Hypertension d. Dietary Actions to Suppress Hypertension

b. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

260 30. All of the following strategies are advisable for people reducing sodium except: a. Choose fresh or frozen foods in place of canned. b. Drink "sports drinks" instead of soda. c. Choose low-salt prepared foods whenever possible. d. Cut down on salted snack foods, such as chips.

b. Drink "sports drinks" instead of soda

256,257 12. What is the difference between a heart attack and a stroke? a. The severity of symptoms b. The organ affected c. The rapid nature of the onset d. The underlying cause

b. The organ affected

259 28. For diabetics, controlling _____ is the most important factor in preventing complications such as heart disease and stroke. a. protein intake b. blood glucose c. fat intake d. blood urea nitrogen

b. blood glucose

259 26. Physical inactivity is most likely to lead to _____. a. lower LDL levels b. hyperlipidemia c. lower HDL levels d. an aneurysm

b. hyperlipidemia

255 9. Emerging research suggests that chronic _____ may play a critical role in triggering the process of atherosclerosis. a. dieting b. inflammation c. high blood pressure d. high cholesterol intake

b. inflammation

260 29. Some sensitive people develop high blood pressure in response to consuming _____. a. licorice b. sodium c. potassium d. aspirin

b. sodium

264 44. Experts recommend that we consume at least _____ mg of calcium per day. a. 500 b. 750 c. 1000 d. 1250

c. 1000

258,259 23. A desirable total cholesterol level is below _____, while a desirable HDL is above _____. a. 230, 50 b. 210, 40 c. 200, 60 d. 220, 70 e. All of the above

c. 200, 60

264 41. Experts recommend that we consume _____ or more servings of whole-grain products daily. a. 2 b. 5 c. 3 d. 6

c. 3

263 42. Experts recommend that healthy adults consume no more than _____ mg of cholesterol daily. a. 150 b. 200 c. 300 d. 450

c. 300

256 11. When the heart muscle is still receiving some blood, but not as much as it needs, the person suffers chest pain and discomfort. What is this condition called? a. Infarction b. Cardiac distress c. Angina d.Cardiac arrest

c. Angina

263 38. Diets such as the DASH diet, lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet, and the Mediterranean diet all stress frequently eating ______ in order to promote heart health. a. wine and cheese b. palm oil c. fruits and vegetables d. soy

c. Fruits and vegetables

261 35. Consuming alcoholic beverages can have both a detrimental and a beneficial impact on blood lipids. The beneficial impact is that moderate alcohol consumption tends to increase _____ while the detrimental impact is that any level of alcohol consumption tends to increase _____. a. triglycerides, HDL cholesterol b. LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol c. HDL cholesterol, triglycerides d. HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol

c. HDL cholesterol, triglycerides

c K 254 1. What is the leading cause of death in the United States? a. Pneumonia b. Diabetes c. Heart disease d. Accidents

c. Heart Disease

260 33. Which of the foods that Sara eats frequently is the most likely to decrease her blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels? a. Cheeseburger b. Salad dressing containing olive oil c. Oatmeal with blueberries and 1% milk d. Tuna salad sandwich

c. Oatmeal with blueberries and 1% milk

257 14. A person who is experiencing sudden numbness or weakness on one side of the body, confusion, slurred speech, or a severe headache is likely experiencing _____. a. a heart attack b. severe indigestion c. a stroke d. an aneurysm

c. a stroke

260 31. Higher consumption of some minerals, including calcium, potassium, and _____, may help lower blood pressure. a. zinc b. chromium c. magnesium d. iodine

c. magnesium

254 13. When the blood supply to the heart is severely reduced or stopped, an individual has a a. stroke. b. TIA. c. myocardial infarction. d. DASH.

c. myocardial infarction

259 25. Sam's total cholesterol is 270 mg/dL and his HDL cholesterol is 30 mg/dL. What is his cholesterol ratio, and is it healthy or not? a. 1:9, healthy b. 1:1, healthy c. 1:1, not healthy d. 9:1, not healthy

d. 9:1, not healthy

258 21. What is the desirable level for total blood cholesterol? a. 300 mg/dL and above b. 240 mg/dL and above c. 200-239 mg/dL d. Below 200 mg/dL

d. Below 200 mg/dL

261-262 36. Which nutrients must be consumed in adequate levels in order to prevent the accumulation of homocysteine in the blood? a. Vitamins A, C, and E b. Selenium and iron c. Calcium and potassium d. Vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folic acid

d. Vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folic acid

254 7. What is a thrombosis? a. A weakened area b. A hardened artery c. A pain in the chest d. A blood clot

d. a blood clot

254 3. The narrowing and hardening of the blood vessels that supply blood is termed _____. a. aneurysm b. hyperlipidemia c. high blood pressure d. atherosclerosis

d. atherosclerosis

258 16. The lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular disease include elevated blood lipids, stress, excessive alcohol consumption, and _____. a. urban living b. unemployment c. air pollution d.high blood pressure

d. high blood pressure

258-259 22. Jasmine's high-density lipoprotein level is 60 mg/dL. This level is considered to be of _____. a. some concern and should be monitored b. no concern and nothing more needs to be done c. moderate concern and she should modify her diet d. high concern and she likely needs medication to bring the level down

d. high concern and she likely needs medication to bring the level down

263 39. The Mediterranean diet, which is associated with decreased risk for cardiovascular disease, emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, olive oil, wine, and _____. a. pasta b. legumes c. dried beans d. nuts

d. nuts

259 18. The most important modifiable risk factor for heart disease is probably: a. high blood lipids. b. smoking. c. physical inactivity. d. obesity.

d. obesity

259 27. The cholesterol ratio is calculated by dividing: a. LDL by HDL. b. total cholesterol by LDL. c. HDL by total cholesterol. d. total cholesterol by HDL.

d. total cholesterol by HDL

258 17. Factor(s) that increase risk of cardiovascular disease include: a. smoking. b. physical inactivity. c. obesity. d. a and c e. All of the above

e. all of the above