Ch. 6 Deviance
Innovators
Accept society's approved goals but not means to achieve them.
Positive Deviance
Actions considered deviant but are later reinterpreted as appropriate or heroic
Retribution
Approach to punishment that emphasizes retaliation for the crime as the appropriate goal
Deterrence
Approach to punishment that relies on the threat of harsh penalties to discourage people from committing crimes
Incapacitation
Approach to punishment that seeks to protect society by imprisoning or executing them
Rehabilitation
Approach to punishment that seeks to reform criminals as part of their penalty
Deviance
Behavior, trait, belief, or other characteristic that violates a norm and causes a negative reaction.
Criminal Justice System
Collection of social institutions that create and enforce laws
White Collar Crime
Crime committed by a high status individual in the course of his occupation
Property Crime
Crimes that do not involve violence
Violent Crime
Crimes that include murder, rape and aggravated assault
Capital Punishment
Death Penalty
Deviance Avowal
Individual self-identifies as deviant and intiates her own labeling process
Primary Deviance
Initial act or attitude that causes one to be labeled deviant
Uniform Crime Report
Official measure of crime in the U.S., produced by the FBI's official tabulation of every crime reported
Stigma
Physical or social attribute that devalues a person or group's identity and that may exclude those who are devalued from normal social interaction
Secondary Deviance
Subsequent deviant identity or career that develops as a result of being labeled deviant
Outsiders
Those labeled deviant and subsequently segregated from "normal" society
Cyberbullying
Use of electronic media to tease, harass or threaten someone
Crime
Violation of a norm that has been codified into law
Differential Association Theory
We learn to be deviant through deviant peers
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
A prediction that causes itself to come true
Labeling Theory
External judgments that modify the individuals self-concept and change the way others respond to the person.
Social Control
Formal and informal mechanisms used to elicit conformity to values and norms and promote social cohesion
Ritualists
Given up hope on achieving society's approved goals but operate to society's approved means
Passing
Presenting yourself as a member of a different group than the stigmatized group you belong to
Rebels
Reject society's approved goals and mean and instead work towards their own goals using new means
In-Group Orientation
Rejection of prevailing judgement or prejudice and the development of new standards that value their group identity
Retreatists
Renounce society's approved goals and mean entirely