Ch. 6 Deviance

Innovators

Accept society's approved goals but not means to achieve them.

Positive Deviance

Actions considered deviant but are later reinterpreted as appropriate or heroic

Retribution

Approach to punishment that emphasizes retaliation for the crime as the appropriate goal

Deterrence

Approach to punishment that relies on the threat of harsh penalties to discourage people from committing crimes

Incapacitation

Approach to punishment that seeks to protect society by imprisoning or executing them

Rehabilitation

Approach to punishment that seeks to reform criminals as part of their penalty

Deviance

Behavior, trait, belief, or other characteristic that violates a norm and causes a negative reaction.

Criminal Justice System

Collection of social institutions that create and enforce laws

White Collar Crime

Crime committed by a high status individual in the course of his occupation

Property Crime

Crimes that do not involve violence

Violent Crime

Crimes that include murder, rape and aggravated assault

Capital Punishment

Death Penalty

Deviance Avowal

Individual self-identifies as deviant and intiates her own labeling process

Primary Deviance

Initial act or attitude that causes one to be labeled deviant

Uniform Crime Report

Official measure of crime in the U.S., produced by the FBI's official tabulation of every crime reported

Stigma

Physical or social attribute that devalues a person or group's identity and that may exclude those who are devalued from normal social interaction

Secondary Deviance

Subsequent deviant identity or career that develops as a result of being labeled deviant

Outsiders

Those labeled deviant and subsequently segregated from "normal" society

Cyberbullying

Use of electronic media to tease, harass or threaten someone

Crime

Violation of a norm that has been codified into law

Differential Association Theory

We learn to be deviant through deviant peers

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A prediction that causes itself to come true

Labeling Theory

External judgments that modify the individuals self-concept and change the way others respond to the person.

Social Control

Formal and informal mechanisms used to elicit conformity to values and norms and promote social cohesion

Ritualists

Given up hope on achieving society's approved goals but operate to society's approved means

Passing

Presenting yourself as a member of a different group than the stigmatized group you belong to

Rebels

Reject society's approved goals and mean and instead work towards their own goals using new means

In-Group Orientation

Rejection of prevailing judgement or prejudice and the development of new standards that value their group identity

Retreatists

Renounce society's approved goals and mean entirely