CH 6- DYNAMIC STUDY MODULES - BMD

Bone forming cells originate from _______

Osteoprogenitor cells

Which bone disorder is characterized by excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption

Paget's disease

Which of the following bone disorders is not treatable with increased calcium and vitamin D?

Paget's disease

Osteoporosis occurs most often in __________

Postmenopausal women

Identify the stage of long bone growth at the epiphyseal plate indicated by "B"

Proliferation zone

Collagen fibers do not ______

Provide for bone hardness

The lacunae of bone contains

osteocytes

Identify the stage of endochondral ossification indicated by "E"

Epiphyses ossify; hyaline cartilage remains only in epiphyseal plates and articular cartilages

Select the statement that best describes most long bones at the time of birth

A bony diaphysis with a widening medullary cavity, and two cartilaginous epiphyses

Match the type of cartilage to its correct description: Fibrocartilage.

Able to withstand heavy loads and absorb shock

Match the following function of bone to its description: Anchorage

As a result, we can walk, grasp objects, and breathe

Identify the stage of long bone growth at the epiphyseal plate indicated by "D"

Calcification zone

Bones serve as an important reservoir for __________.

Calcium

Osteocytes maintain contact allowing them to communicate and permitting nutrients and wastes to be relayed from one osteocyte to the next through ___________

Canalculi

Which of the following is true regarding bone remodeling

Every year 5 to 10 percent of the skeleton is replaced.

A patient is brought to the emergency room with a broken bone. According to the xray, the bone is fragmented into three pieces. This would be considered a

Comminuted fracture

Most of the following: Costal cartilages

Connect the ribs to the sternum

Which of the following is true?

Despite the environmental factors that influence bone density genetics still plays the major role in determining bone density

In a car accident, the injuries to the driver include a fractured femur. Part of the broken end of the diaphysis of the femur is visibly penetrating through the skin in the thigh area. Which of the following properly classifies this fracture?

Displaced, complete, open (compound)

Before eight weeks, the skeleton of the human embryo is composed of ____

Fibrous membranes and hyaline cartilage

A narrow, slitlike opening in a bone is referred to as a ________

Fissure

Identify the general class of bone indicated by "C"

Flat bone

Match the following: Respiratory cartilages

Form the skeleton of the larynx and reinforce other respiratory passages

Identify the stage of long bone growth at the epiphyseal plate indicated by "C"

Hypertrophic zone

Which of the following statements is true

Hypocalcemia leads to hyperexcitability

Identify the genera class of bone indicated by "B"

Irregular bone

Identify the general class of bone indicated by "A"

Long Bone

Osteoblasts release which of the following?

Matrix vesicles studded with the enzyme alkaline phosphatase

Identify the stage of long bone growth at the epiphyseal plate indicated by "E"

Ossification zone

Determine the scenario that reduces the mass of a long bone.

Osteoclast activity is greater than osteoblast activity.

The cells that maintain mature compact bone matrix are ________.

Osteocytes

A bone disorder that affects adults and has symptoms that are similar to rickets is called ________

Osteomalacia

If a breastfeeding mother becomes vitamin D deficient, what disease is most likely to develop in the nursing infant?

Rickets

Correctly match the opening or depression in bone with its correct name: Foramen

Round or oval opening through a bone

In adolescence, the "growth spurt" that is observed is mainly attributed to an increase in __________.

Sex hormones

Correctly match the opening or depression in bone with its correct name: Fossa

Shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

Identify the general class of bone indicated by "D"

Short Bone

Identify the general class of bone indicated by "D"

Short bone

Correctly match the term and description: Epiphyseal Plate

Site of length increase in long bones

Correctly match the description of the projection with its name: Tubercle

Small rounded projection or process

Correctly match the definition and term: Location of bone marrow in an adult

Spongy bone

Match the description to the correct stage of intramembranous ossification: Immature spongy bone and periosteum form.

Stage 3

Match the description to the correct stage of intramembranous ossification: Compact bone replaces immature spongy bone, just deep to the periosteum and red marrow develops

Stage 4

Mary is 50 years old. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals that portions of her skeleton show signs of osteoporosis. After reviewing the test results, her physician suggests that she take all of the following courses of action except ?

Start taking synthetic parathyroid hormone

Select the true statement regarding appositional growth of long bone

The long bone increases in thickness, or diameter.

Correctly match the description of the projection with its name: Trochanter

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process

Rickets can be caused by a deficiency of __________.

Vitamin D

Yellow marrow is useful as __________.

a tissue that may revert back to red marrow if a person needs more red blood cells

Cartilage can grow in which of the following ways

appositional growth and interstitial growth

The bones in the long axis of the body make up the __________.

axial skeleton

Match the description to the correct zone in longitudinal growth of a long bone: Dead cartilage cells appear; matrix begins deteriorating

calcification zone

Select the hormone that lowers blood calcium levels when administered at high pharmacological doses.

calcitonin

Hydroxyapatites in bone matrix that give bone its hardness are primarily composed of

calcium phosphates

Correctly match the opening or depression in bone with its correct name: Meatus

canal-like passageway

Which of the following are tiny canals that connect the central canal of an osteon to the osteocytes

canaliculi

Correctly match the bone type with its example: Short bone

carpal (wrist)

Correctly match the opening or depression in bone with its correct name: Sinus

cavity within a bone

Cartilage tissue features ___________ within small cavities called lacunae

chondrocytes

Match the description to the correct answer regarding bone tissue: Major organic fiber of bone

collagen

Match the following: Articular cartilages

cover the ends of most bones at moveable joints

Correctly match the definition and term: Replacement of hyaline cartilage with bony tissue to form a bone

endochondral ossification

Correctly match the definition and term: Expanded portion of the long bone at its ends.

epiphysis

The padlike menisci of the knee joints contain __________.

fibrocartilage

Match the description to the correct stage of bone repair: Activity of fibroblasts and osteoblasts creates an overgrown splint around the fracture site.

fibrocartilage callus

intramembranous ossification is mostly responsible for forming which type of bone ?

flat bone

Correctly match the opening or depression in bone with its correct name: Groove

furrow

During infancy and childhood, the single most important stimulus of epiphyseal plate activity is _________ from the anterior pituitary gland

growth hormone

Correctly match the description of the bony projection with its name : Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

head

Select the correct sequence of fracture repair steps

hematoma forms, fibrocartilaginous callus forms, bony callus forms, bone remodeling occurs.

Which function of bone tissue occurs in the red bone marrow

hematopoiesis

When problems with blood forming tissue are suspected, clinicians obtain tissue samples from the ____________ because the red bone marrow in this location is highly active in hematopoiesis

hip bone

Match the description to the correct zone in longitudinal growth of a long bone: Older cartilage cells enlarge

hypertrophic zone

Which of the following is not composed of hyaline cartilage

intervertebral discs

Match the description to the correct answer: Bone with a complex shape

irregular bone

Match the type of cartilage to its correct description: Elastic cartilage.

located in the external ear and epiglottis

Match the description to the correct answer: Has a length greater than width

long bone

Correctly match the definition and term: Hollow space in the shaft of a long bone

medullary cavity

Which of the following is true with respect to hyaline cartilage

most abundant skeletal cartilage

Correctly match the description of the projection with its name: Crest

narrow ridge of bone

Correctly match the term and description: Bone-building cell

osteoblast

Bone is broken down by __________.

osteoclasts

Correctly match the term and description: Mature bone cell

osteocyte

All of the following belong to spongy bone, except

osteons

Correctly match the term and description: Bone stem cell

osteoprogenitor cell

The hormonal control of bone remodeling primarily involves which of the following

parathyroid hormone

When Ca 2+ concentration in the blood becomes lower than normal, __________.

parathyroid hormone is released

Correctly match the bone type with its example: Sesamoid bone

patella (knee)

Correctly match the definition and term: Fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of long bone.

periosteum

Correctly match the term and description: Diaphysis

primary ossification center

Match the description to the correct zone in longitudinal growth of a long bone: Cartilage cells undergo mitosis

proliferation zone

Which of the following bones belong to the axial skeleton?

ribs

Match the description to the correct answer: Sesame seed-shaped bone formed in a tendon

sesamoid bone

Correctly match the description of the projection with its name: Spine

sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Match the description to the correct answer: Approximately equal in length and width

short bone

During a football game, a player fractures his leg bone when his foot plants into the turf, but several opposing players continue to push him forward. The doctor explains that the diagonal break across the bone was due to intense twisting forces. Select the type of fracture involved in this example.

spiral

Correctly match the bone type with its example: Flat bone

sternum (breastbone)

Match the following: Nasal cartilage

supports external nose

Correctly match the definition and term: A hormone that modulates the activity of growth hormone, ensuring proper bone formation.

thyroid hormone

Correctly match the description of the projection with its name: Large, rough, rounded projections

tuberosity

Correctly match the bone type with its example: Irregular bone

vertebra, spinal column

Which of the following is classified as a short bone

wrist bone

The bones of the skeleton store energy reserves as fat in __________

yellow marrow