Ch. 7 Proteins

10. A scientist isolates a water-soluble compound from spider venom. The substance has nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in its chemical structure. Based on this information, the compound is probably a A. protein. B. mineral salt. C. polysaccharide. D. triglyceride

A

11. Which of the following statements is true? A. Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream. B. Proteins are a major component of starch molecules. C. Protein is the primary energy source for the human body. D. All hormones are proteins.

A

18. _____ is an essential amino acid. A. Methionine B. Aspartic acid C. Homocysteine D. Alanine

A

66. The typical American eats more protein from _____ than he or she did in the early 1900s. A. fish B. vegetables C. grains D. fruits

A

8. Compared to a triglyceride molecule, a protein molecule A. has nitrogen in its chemical structure. B. is comprised of glucose units. C. has three fatty acids attached to glycerol. D. provides more energy.

A

86. Fred is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat? A. Cheese B. Fish C. Chicken D. Eggs

A

94. Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to A. coronary artery disease. B. arthritis. C. stroke. D. dehydration.

A

95. Marla is a healthy 30-year-old woman. She doesn't work out, but she consumes protein supplements because she thinks they will increase her muscle mass without the need to exercise. Based on this information, the excess amino acids in her diet will A. undergo deamination in her liver. B. be added to her muscle tissue. C. be metabolized for energy quickly. D. enhance her body's absorption of calcium.

A

16. Which of the following amino acids is a dietary essential? A. Aspartic acid B. Phenylalanine C. Homocysteine D. Alanine

B

22. _____ is an essential amino acid. A. Serine B. Threonine C. Homocysteine D. Alanine

B

27. A gene is a A. cellular organelle that helps maintain proper acid-base balance. B. piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein. C. structure that helps transfer amino acids to ribosomes. D. type of lipoprotein that transports certain vitamins in the bloodstream.

B

30. The _____ is main site of deamination in the body. A. gallbladder B. liver C. thyroid D. spleen

B

35. During digestion, which of the following substances denatures the proteins in food? A. Intrinsic factor B. Stomach acid C. Mucus D. Amylase

B

39. Rosa is a teenager who has an eating disorder characterized by self-imposed starvation. Based on this information, her body is in ____ nitrogen balance. A. denatured B. negative C. activated D. positive

B

51. In the stomach, _____ participate in the chemical digestion of protein. A. pancreatic amylase and intrinsic factor B. hydrochloric acid and pepsin C. gastric lipase and intrinsic factor D. mucus and cholecystokinin

B

55. A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid A. eating foods that contain phenylalanine. B. consuming foods that contain gluten. C. lying down after meals. D. taking dietary supplements that contain homocysteine.

B

65. In 2009-2010, protein comprised about _____of the typical American's total energy intake. A. 10 B. 15 C. 5 D. 2

B

80. When combined, which of the following groups of foods forms a complementary protein dish? A. Cranberries, apples, and marshmallows B. Kidney beans, rice, and sesame seeds C. Iceberg lettuce, carrots, and tomatoes D. Peaches, bananas, and apricots

B

9. The body uses proteins to make A. magnesium ions. B. certain hormones. C. calcium carbonate. D. bile salts.

B

100. Which of the following foods is the least expensive per ounce? A. sliced peaches (drained of syrup) at $1.29 per 12-ounce can B. frozen sliced peaches at $2.99 per 16-ounce bag C. sliced peaches (drained of syrup) at $1.49 per 16-ounce can D. frozen sliced peaches at $2.59 per 10-ounce bag

C

29. Which of the following statements is true? A. Transamination is the process of removing the nitrogen group from an amino acid and transferring it to another substance. B. A protein molecule loses its natural folded and coiled shape as well as its usual functions when it undergoes hydrogenation. C. Application of heat, alcohol, or acid can kill proteins. D. The human digestive tract cannot digest the peptide bonds that hold amino acids together.

C

31. The deamination process forms A. urine. B. trans fat. C. ammonia. D. glycogen

C

44. Isabella is 24 years of age and weighs 156 pounds. Based on her body weight, her RDA for protein is about _____ grams. A. 125 B. 47 C. 57 D. 345

C

48. Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins? A. Bile B. Cholecystokinin C. Trypsin D. Amylase

C

50. Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins? A. Lipase B. Mucus C. Pepsin D. Amylase

C

58. When Thompson was 5 years of age, he began to complain that his stomach hurt, especially after eating meals and snacks. He also experienced chronic diarrhea. His parents noticed that he could eat poultry, meat, dairy foods, fruits, and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems, but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches, cookies, crackers, or pancakes. Based on this information, Thompson's parents should have him evaluated for A. irritable bowel syndrome. B. colon cancer. C. celiac disease. D. cystic fibrosis.

C

78. Which of the following foods is a good source of high-quality protein? A. Boiled cabbage B. Leaf lettuce C. Soy milk D. Orange juice

C

82. Which of the following menu items does not contain complementary protein? A. Pita bread dipped in mashed chickpeas B. Kidney beans mixed with rice C. Salad made with apples, pears, and grapes D. Whole-wheat crackers spread with soy nut butter

C

92. Plant-based diets may not supply enough ____ to meet a child's needs. A. fiber B. vitamin C C. protein D. sodium

C

1. Which of the following forms of produce is the least expensive per pound? A. Fresh yellow delicious apples at $2.25 per pound bag B. Fresh yellow delicious apples at $5.49 per 2-pound bag C. Sliced yellow delicious apples at $1.00 per 1-ounce bag D. Fresh yellow delicious apples at $3.50 per 2-pound bag.

D

13. Every amino acid has _____ in its chemical structure. A. iron B. potassium C. chloride D. nitrogen

D

14. An amino acid does not contain a(an) A. acid group. B. carbon skeleton. C. nitrogen-containing group. D. fatty acid.

D

26. Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's A. golgi apparatus. B. plasma membrane. C. ribosomes. D. DNA.

D

32. _____ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual function. A. Hydrogenation B. Filtration C. Protonation D. Denaturation

D

52. Which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons? A. Blueberries B. Broccoli C. Grapes D. Peanuts

D

61. Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine. Based on this information, Cameron has A. cystic fibrosis. B. amino acid toxicity syndrome. C. IBD. D. PKU.

D

69. Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins? A. Vegetable salad with greens and baby carrots B. Slice of American cheese C. ½ cup of apple and watermelon chunks D. Peanut butter on crackers

D

76. Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein? A. Leaf lettuce B. Red grapes C. Corn oil margarine D. Tuna fish

D

84. Bernice is a vegan. Which of the following foods does she eat? A. Cheese B. Butter C. Eggs D. Legumes

D

87. Bryce is an ovovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat? A. Turkey salad B. Chicken salad C. Tuna salad D. Egg salad

D

93. Plant-based diets may not supply enough ____ to meet a child's needs. A. magnesium B. fiber C. vitamin C D. energy

D

96. Which of the following statements is true? A. Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition. B. In the United States, teenagers have the greatest risk of protein-energy malnutrition. C. Compared to children in other parts of the world, impoverished children in the United States have the highest risk of protein-energy malnutrition. D. Protein-energy malnutrition affects babies while they are breastfeeding.

D

25. The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a A. peptide bond. B. fatty acid chain. C. partially hydrogenated protein. D. glycosidic linkage.

A

67. The typical American eats more protein from _____ than he or she did in the early 1900s. A. meat B. vegetables C. grains D. fruits

A

72. Which of the following foods are legumes? A. Peanuts B. Onions C. Mushrooms D. Potatoes

A

68. The typical American eats more protein from _____ than he or she did in the early 1900s. A. poultry B. fruits C. grains D. vegetables

A

7. Proteins A. are comprised of amino acids. B. are stored as glycogen in the body. C. provide 7 kcal/g. D.have phosphorus in their chemical structures.

A

70. Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins? A. 8 ounce glass of soy milk B. ½ cup of watermelon chunks C. 1 ounce of baby carrots D. 6 whole-wheat crackers

A

59. You are planning a party for a group of friends. Which of the following foods can you serve to everyone at the party, without having to worry about your friend who has celiac disease? A. Corn beef on rye bread B. Pieces of fresh fruit C. Pizza made with whole-grain flour D. Cheddar cheese on wheat crackers

B

62. Dallas, a healthy, active teenager, was diagnosed with PKU when he was only a few days old. In addition to foods that are manufactured to be low in phenylalanine, which of the following foods can he eat to meet his protein needs safely? A. Fried fish B. Baked potatoes C. Lean hamburger D. Fat-free milk

B