ch 8

Pushing jaw forward

protraction

Joints are also called

articulations

The pubis symphysis is an example of a __________ joint.

cartilaginous

Walking on heels

dorsiflexion

As you climb a tree, you pull your thigh sideways (spreading your legs apart) to rest your foot on a nearby branch. This thigh movement is adduction. true/false

false

The hip joint allows a greater freedom of movement than the shoulder joint. True/false

false

The patellar ligament connects the medial condyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia. true/ false

false

You drop your cell phone. You lean forward to pick it up, using your abdominal muscles to pull your torso closer to the ground. This movement is extension of the back. True/false

false

A gomphosis is a ______ joint.

fibrous

A suture is an example of a

fibrous joint

When you reach up to scratch your nose, you have to __________ your elbow.

flex

Bending the knee

flexion

Joints found in shoulder

glenohumeral; arcomioclavicular

A tooth root attached to a jawbone by a periodontal ligament is a

gomphosis

Joints of the elbow

humeroulnar ; proximal radioulnar

Cartilaginous joints are connected by

hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

Saddle Joints

most movement in two planes

Condylar Joints

movement in a variety of planes, but no rotation

Hinge Joints

movement in only one plane

Ball-and-Socket Joints

movements in all planes

pivot joints

only rotation can occur

A sprain involves

overstretched or torn ligaments in a joint.

Pointing toes

plantar flexion

In the following image, the jaw is __________ at the temporomandibular joint.

protracted

Joints of the wrist and hand

radiocarpal; metacarpophalangeal

Movement of a body part backward along the transverse plane is called __________ .

retraction

A synovial membrane

secretes synovial fluid

The transverse humeral ligament, glenohumeral ligaments, and coracohumeral ligament are important in maintaining the stability of the ___________ joint.

shoulder

Plane Joints

sliding and twisting motions

As you climb a tree, you pull your thigh sideways (spreading your legs apart) to rest your foot on a nearby branch. This thigh movement is adduction. true/false

False

The pubic symphysis is a fibrous joint. True/ false

False

What class of joint consists of bone ends held together by collagenous tissue?

Fibrous

What type of joint is comprised mainly of Dense connective tissue?

Fibrous joints

What type of synovial joint involves a convex surface of one bone fitting into the concave surface of another?

Hinge joint

Doing a backbend

Extension

A saddle joint forms between bones whose articulating surfaces have both convex and concave regions. True/false

true

A saddle joint forms between bones whose articulating surfaces have both convex and concave regions. true/false

true

A synchondrosis is a cartilaginous joint. true/false

true

In a push-up, the elbow joint flexes as the person lowers. True/false

true

Moving a part away from the midline is abduction. True/false

true

The basic structure of the knee joint permits flexion and extension. true/false

true

The synovial membrane reabsorbs fluid and may help remove substances from an infected joint cavity. True/false

true

What is the movement of a body part away from the midline in the frontal plane called?

Abduction

Which of the following correctly pairs a term with its definition? Flexion—bringing the arm from overhead back down to the side of the body Extension—bending the leg at the knee to bring the heel closer to the buttocks Abduction—lifting the arm out to the side of the body so that it is parallel to the ground Correct Adduction—moving the arm forward so its is in front of the body

Abduction—lifting the arm out to the side of the body so that it is parallel to the ground Correct

What are the three classifications of joints based on movement?

Amphiarthrotic Diarthrotic Synarthrotic

Name the area highlighted in this photo of the knee joint.

Articular surface of femur

A person works an office job that requires them to be in a sitting position for 10 hours a day. They go home and sit until they go to bed. This person never exercises and rarely gets up to move around after being seated. Their joints begin to constantly feel stiff and painful. On a physiological level, what has happened to cause these symptoms? Lack of movement drives the synovial membranes to stop producing synovial fluid, which then causes friction to generate upon movement of the joints. Disuse of the joint causes ossification of the fibrocartilage, creating arthritic joints. Being stuck in the same position for long periods of time causes the ligaments to physically decay, stiffening the joints. Lack of movement hinders blood from moving through the vessels of the synovial membrane, which starves the ligaments of nutrients and causes them to lose elasticity.

Lack of movement hinders blood from moving through the vessels of the synovial membrane, which starves the ligaments of nutrients and causes them to lose elasticity.

What type of synovial joint involves a cylindrical shape for one bone end that rotates in a ring formed by another bone and a ligament?

Pivot (trochoid) joint

What type of synovial joint involves two flat (or nearly flat) bone surfaces?

Plane joint

Pulling head backward

Retraction

Which of the following is not a synovial joint? Condylar Hinge Symphysis Ball-and-socket

Symphysis

Which of the following is not a type of fibrous joint? Symphysis Gomphosis Syndesmosis Coronal suture

Symphysis

With age, range of motion __________ in joints and the production of synovial fluid __________ .

decreases; decreases

Bones of a synovial joint are held together by

joint capsule

Changes in collagen in joints due to aging results in

joint stiffness

While standing, twisting your lower limb at the hip so that your toes point off to the side is called _______ rotation. Twisting your lower limb at the hip so that your toes point toward your other foot is called _______ rotation.

lateral; medial