ch 8
Pushing jaw forward
protraction
Joints are also called
articulations
The pubis symphysis is an example of a __________ joint.
cartilaginous
Walking on heels
dorsiflexion
As you climb a tree, you pull your thigh sideways (spreading your legs apart) to rest your foot on a nearby branch. This thigh movement is adduction. true/false
false
The hip joint allows a greater freedom of movement than the shoulder joint. True/false
false
The patellar ligament connects the medial condyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia. true/ false
false
You drop your cell phone. You lean forward to pick it up, using your abdominal muscles to pull your torso closer to the ground. This movement is extension of the back. True/false
false
A gomphosis is a ______ joint.
fibrous
A suture is an example of a
fibrous joint
When you reach up to scratch your nose, you have to __________ your elbow.
flex
Bending the knee
flexion
Joints found in shoulder
glenohumeral; arcomioclavicular
A tooth root attached to a jawbone by a periodontal ligament is a
gomphosis
Joints of the elbow
humeroulnar ; proximal radioulnar
Cartilaginous joints are connected by
hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
Saddle Joints
most movement in two planes
Condylar Joints
movement in a variety of planes, but no rotation
Hinge Joints
movement in only one plane
Ball-and-Socket Joints
movements in all planes
pivot joints
only rotation can occur
A sprain involves
overstretched or torn ligaments in a joint.
Pointing toes
plantar flexion
In the following image, the jaw is __________ at the temporomandibular joint.
protracted
Joints of the wrist and hand
radiocarpal; metacarpophalangeal
Movement of a body part backward along the transverse plane is called __________ .
retraction
A synovial membrane
secretes synovial fluid
The transverse humeral ligament, glenohumeral ligaments, and coracohumeral ligament are important in maintaining the stability of the ___________ joint.
shoulder
Plane Joints
sliding and twisting motions
As you climb a tree, you pull your thigh sideways (spreading your legs apart) to rest your foot on a nearby branch. This thigh movement is adduction. true/false
False
The pubic symphysis is a fibrous joint. True/ false
False
What class of joint consists of bone ends held together by collagenous tissue?
Fibrous
What type of joint is comprised mainly of Dense connective tissue?
Fibrous joints
What type of synovial joint involves a convex surface of one bone fitting into the concave surface of another?
Hinge joint
Doing a backbend
Extension
A saddle joint forms between bones whose articulating surfaces have both convex and concave regions. True/false
true
A saddle joint forms between bones whose articulating surfaces have both convex and concave regions. true/false
true
A synchondrosis is a cartilaginous joint. true/false
true
In a push-up, the elbow joint flexes as the person lowers. True/false
true
Moving a part away from the midline is abduction. True/false
true
The basic structure of the knee joint permits flexion and extension. true/false
true
The synovial membrane reabsorbs fluid and may help remove substances from an infected joint cavity. True/false
true
What is the movement of a body part away from the midline in the frontal plane called?
Abduction
Which of the following correctly pairs a term with its definition? Flexion—bringing the arm from overhead back down to the side of the body Extension—bending the leg at the knee to bring the heel closer to the buttocks Abduction—lifting the arm out to the side of the body so that it is parallel to the ground Correct Adduction—moving the arm forward so its is in front of the body
Abduction—lifting the arm out to the side of the body so that it is parallel to the ground Correct
What are the three classifications of joints based on movement?
Amphiarthrotic Diarthrotic Synarthrotic
Name the area highlighted in this photo of the knee joint.
Articular surface of femur
A person works an office job that requires them to be in a sitting position for 10 hours a day. They go home and sit until they go to bed. This person never exercises and rarely gets up to move around after being seated. Their joints begin to constantly feel stiff and painful. On a physiological level, what has happened to cause these symptoms? Lack of movement drives the synovial membranes to stop producing synovial fluid, which then causes friction to generate upon movement of the joints. Disuse of the joint causes ossification of the fibrocartilage, creating arthritic joints. Being stuck in the same position for long periods of time causes the ligaments to physically decay, stiffening the joints. Lack of movement hinders blood from moving through the vessels of the synovial membrane, which starves the ligaments of nutrients and causes them to lose elasticity.
Lack of movement hinders blood from moving through the vessels of the synovial membrane, which starves the ligaments of nutrients and causes them to lose elasticity.
What type of synovial joint involves a cylindrical shape for one bone end that rotates in a ring formed by another bone and a ligament?
Pivot (trochoid) joint
What type of synovial joint involves two flat (or nearly flat) bone surfaces?
Plane joint
Pulling head backward
Retraction
Which of the following is not a synovial joint? Condylar Hinge Symphysis Ball-and-socket
Symphysis
Which of the following is not a type of fibrous joint? Symphysis Gomphosis Syndesmosis Coronal suture
Symphysis
With age, range of motion __________ in joints and the production of synovial fluid __________ .
decreases; decreases
Bones of a synovial joint are held together by
joint capsule
Changes in collagen in joints due to aging results in
joint stiffness
While standing, twisting your lower limb at the hip so that your toes point off to the side is called _______ rotation. Twisting your lower limb at the hip so that your toes point toward your other foot is called _______ rotation.
lateral; medial
