Ch. 8

may be high in elevation but is not accompanied by a regional increase in crustal thickness

A local mountain created by volcanism

(a wedge-shaped zone) of faults, folds, and metamorphosed rocks formed along the upper parts of a subduction zone as material is scraped off

An accretionary prism is

enters a subduction zone, where it is scraped off the subducting plate and added to the continent

For a terrane to become attached to a continent, it typically

all of these

Regional elevation can be decreased by

all of these

Regional elevation can be increased by

heating the crust and mantle

Regional elevation can be increased by

the thickness of continental crust

Regional elevations on land are primarily controlled by

domes

Salt is less dense and weaker than other types of rocks so it flows upward to form

turbidity currents

Submarine canyons in the continental slope are eroded by:

A erosional remnant

The image shows Stone Mountain in Georgia, a feature made of granite that was uncovered by erosion that removed the overlying and flanking softer rocks. What is the best name for this feature?

isostasy

The principle that regional elevations adjust to the types and thicknesses of rocks at depth is known as

accertion

The process of adding a terrane to another landmass is called

isostatic rebound

Uplifting caused by the removal of weight on top of the crust, as when an ice sheet melts away or when erosion strips material off the top of a thick crustal root of a mountain, is called

less dense continental crust

What could cause a region to be higher in elevation than an average part of a continent?

a volcanic island forms and subsides

What is a popular model for the formation of an atoll?

an almost doubling of the thickness of continental crust

What is the main cause of uplift during a continental collision?

parts of the continent have been added by the accretion of tectonic terranes

What is the main reason why the age of oldest rocks can vary from one part of a continent to another?

very fine-grained sedimentary rocks with low permeability

Which of the following rock types is most likely to host shale gas or shale oil?

both of these

Which of the following technologieshelped shale gas become an important resource?

1

Which of the numbered features on this figure is a continental shelf?

2

Which of the numbered features on this figure is a continental slope?

3

Which of these numbered features is an atoll?

1

Which of these numbered features is on the continental shelf?

2

Which of these numbered features is on the continental slope?

3, Tibet

Which of these regions is high because of a continental collision?

2, East Africa

Which of these regions is high because of mantle upwelling near a continental rift?

1, Andes of South America

Which of these regions is high because of subduction of an oceanic plate?

C, a permeable sandstone

Which site would most likely contain oil in the subsurface?

evaporation of water, such as in restricted seaways

How do most salt deposits form?

A, a permeable sandstone

If it contained oil, which layer would most likely produce an oil seep on the surface?

thicken the crust and cause uplift

If you had this type of deformation of a region, it would

thicken the crust and cause uplift

If you had this type of deformation of a region, it would:

thin the crust and cause subsidence

If you had this type of deformation of a region, it would:

the Canadian Shield

What part of North America contains the oldest exposed rocks?

passive margin

Which of the following is NOT a setting in which regional mountain belts form?

Tehys

Which of the following is NOT the name of a supercontinent?

carbonate rocks and accumulations

Which of the following is a consistent feature of reefs and atolls?

all of these

Which of the following occurs when mountain belts are eroded?

Sea level rose

Why did the Great Barrier Reef in Australia grow upward, forming the largest organic structure on Earth?