Ch. 8
may be high in elevation but is not accompanied by a regional increase in crustal thickness
A local mountain created by volcanism
(a wedge-shaped zone) of faults, folds, and metamorphosed rocks formed along the upper parts of a subduction zone as material is scraped off
An accretionary prism is
enters a subduction zone, where it is scraped off the subducting plate and added to the continent
For a terrane to become attached to a continent, it typically
all of these
Regional elevation can be decreased by
all of these
Regional elevation can be increased by
heating the crust and mantle
Regional elevation can be increased by
the thickness of continental crust
Regional elevations on land are primarily controlled by
domes
Salt is less dense and weaker than other types of rocks so it flows upward to form
turbidity currents
Submarine canyons in the continental slope are eroded by:
A erosional remnant
The image shows Stone Mountain in Georgia, a feature made of granite that was uncovered by erosion that removed the overlying and flanking softer rocks. What is the best name for this feature?
isostasy
The principle that regional elevations adjust to the types and thicknesses of rocks at depth is known as
accertion
The process of adding a terrane to another landmass is called
isostatic rebound
Uplifting caused by the removal of weight on top of the crust, as when an ice sheet melts away or when erosion strips material off the top of a thick crustal root of a mountain, is called
less dense continental crust
What could cause a region to be higher in elevation than an average part of a continent?
a volcanic island forms and subsides
What is a popular model for the formation of an atoll?
an almost doubling of the thickness of continental crust
What is the main cause of uplift during a continental collision?
parts of the continent have been added by the accretion of tectonic terranes
What is the main reason why the age of oldest rocks can vary from one part of a continent to another?
very fine-grained sedimentary rocks with low permeability
Which of the following rock types is most likely to host shale gas or shale oil?
both of these
Which of the following technologieshelped shale gas become an important resource?
1
Which of the numbered features on this figure is a continental shelf?
2
Which of the numbered features on this figure is a continental slope?
3
Which of these numbered features is an atoll?
1
Which of these numbered features is on the continental shelf?
2
Which of these numbered features is on the continental slope?
3, Tibet
Which of these regions is high because of a continental collision?
2, East Africa
Which of these regions is high because of mantle upwelling near a continental rift?
1, Andes of South America
Which of these regions is high because of subduction of an oceanic plate?
C, a permeable sandstone
Which site would most likely contain oil in the subsurface?
evaporation of water, such as in restricted seaways
How do most salt deposits form?
A, a permeable sandstone
If it contained oil, which layer would most likely produce an oil seep on the surface?
thicken the crust and cause uplift
If you had this type of deformation of a region, it would
thicken the crust and cause uplift
If you had this type of deformation of a region, it would:
thin the crust and cause subsidence
If you had this type of deformation of a region, it would:
the Canadian Shield
What part of North America contains the oldest exposed rocks?
passive margin
Which of the following is NOT a setting in which regional mountain belts form?
Tehys
Which of the following is NOT the name of a supercontinent?
carbonate rocks and accumulations
Which of the following is a consistent feature of reefs and atolls?
all of these
Which of the following occurs when mountain belts are eroded?
Sea level rose
Why did the Great Barrier Reef in Australia grow upward, forming the largest organic structure on Earth?