Ch 9 Anatomy

Which synovial joints can perform circumduction?

Ball and socket joints. Shoulder and hip

This joint inflammation is caused by the immune system attacking the joints

Rheumatoid arthritis

elevation

upward movement of a body part

What is the opposing movement to flexion

Extension

What are the 3 structural classifications of joints

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

This movement decreases the angle b/t articulating bones

Flexion

ROM of diarthroses

Freely movable

This joint inflammation is caused by uric acid crystals

Gout.

Give an example of cartilaginous joint

Growth plate is synchrodrosis, intervertebral joints are symphyses

What are the 6 types of synovial joint

Hinge, gliding/planar, pivot, ellipsoidal/condyloid, saddle, and ball and socket

2 types of cartilaginous joints, their features, and examples of each

Synchondrosis- connects with hyaline cartilage (growth plates, ribs); symphysis- slightly movable fibrocartilage (pubic symphysis, intervertebral disks)

Decrease in production of this may lead to osteoarthritis

Synovial fluid

retraction

movement of a protracted part of the body back to normal

protraction

movement of the body anteriorly; thrusting the mandible outward

abduction

movement of the bone away from the midline

inversion

movement of the foot medically

pronation

movement of the forearm so that the palm is facing downward; petting a dog

supination

movement of the forearm so that the palm is turned upward; waiter holding a tray

eversion

movement of the sole laterally

opposition

movement of the thumb in which the thumb moves across the palm to touch the tips of fingers on the same hand

adduction

movement toward the midline

ROM of amphiarthroses

Slightly movable

What is a grade 2 of tears for injuries

20-40% tear requiring 6-8 weeks recovery

Define condyloid/ellipsoidal joint. Give 2 examples

A projection of one bone that fits into an oval-shaped depression of another. Knuckles, wrist

Serious sports related knee injury that it more common for females is called what

ACK tear

What are the 3 main functions of the menisci

Act as cushions b/t femur and tibia, conform to shape of bones as they move, provide lateral stability to the joint

2 examples of diarthroses joints

Any synovial joint: elbow, shoulder, wrist, knee, hip, ankle, knuckles, interphalangeal, etc.

This type of surgery is often used to repair torn cartilage and ligaments in the knee. Describe it and tell why it is advantageous

Arthroscopic surgery. Small incisions, snakelike camera, and tools used to perform surgery. Much less invasive and faster recovery time

Describe 3 features of the synovial joints and the purpose of synovial fluid

Bones connected by ligaments, have articular/synovial capsule, have synovial fluid and articular cartilage to reduce friction. Synovial fluid lubricates, absorbs shock, and exchanges wastes, O2, CO2, and nutrients

These fluid-like sacs are found in tendons and help reduce friction in certain joints. What is it called when they become inflamed

Bursae, bursitis

What is a grade 3 of tears for injuries

Complete tear usually requiring surgery and long rehab period

What factors contribute to osteoarthritis as people age

Decrease in production of synovial fluid, shortening of ligaments, loss of flexibility of ligaments, wearing away articular cartilage

What movement could cause damage to a ligament

Hyperextension

Movement of the trunk sideways to the right or left at the waist

Lateral flexion

ROM of synarthrosis

Not movable

When a ballerina goes up and down on her toes what opposing movement is she using

Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

These are accessory structures of the knee

Posterior and anterior crucible ligaments, medial and lateral collateral ligaments, medial and lateral menisci

What is the opposing movement to supination

Pronation

Which joint allows you to supinate and primate your hand? What type of synovial joint is it?

Proximal radio ulnar joint. Pivot joint

What is the most common treatment for minor knee injuries

R.I.C.E (rest, ice, compression, elevation)

Give an example of fibrous joint

Skull sutures, gomphosis of teeth, interosseous membrane between radius and ulna

What is a grade 1 of tears for injuries

Small tear (around 10%) with fast recovery

What are 3 types of fibrous joints with examples of each

Sutural, skull sutures; syndesmoses, interosseous membrane between tibia and fibula; and gomphosis, teeth

What are 3 types of functional classification

Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses

Give an example of synovial joints

Thumb is saddle, shoulder is ball and socket

Common knee injury for older people is called

Torn meniscus

All synovial joints are freely movable. T or F

True

saddle joint

articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped, and the articular surface of the other bone fits into the saddle; thumb

ball-and-socket joint

ball-like surface of one fitting into a cuplike depression of another bone; shoulder and hip

plantar flexion

bending of the foot at the ankle in a downward movement

dorsiflexion

bending of the foot at the ankle in an upward direction

depression

downward movement of the body

plantar joint

primarily permit back-and-forth and side-to-side movements; intercarpal joints

hinge joint

produce an opening and closing motion like that of a hinged door; knee and elbow

What 6 factors affects the synovial joints ROM

shape of bones, tension of ligaments, tension of muscles, presences of soft tissue(like fat), hormones, lack of use

pivot joint

surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone; joints that enable the palms to turn anteriorly and posteriorly

what are tendon sheaths

they wrap around tendons, and reduce friction at the joints