Ch 9 Anatomy
Which synovial joints can perform circumduction?
Ball and socket joints. Shoulder and hip
This joint inflammation is caused by the immune system attacking the joints
Rheumatoid arthritis
elevation
upward movement of a body part
What is the opposing movement to flexion
Extension
What are the 3 structural classifications of joints
Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
This movement decreases the angle b/t articulating bones
Flexion
ROM of diarthroses
Freely movable
This joint inflammation is caused by uric acid crystals
Gout.
Give an example of cartilaginous joint
Growth plate is synchrodrosis, intervertebral joints are symphyses
What are the 6 types of synovial joint
Hinge, gliding/planar, pivot, ellipsoidal/condyloid, saddle, and ball and socket
2 types of cartilaginous joints, their features, and examples of each
Synchondrosis- connects with hyaline cartilage (growth plates, ribs); symphysis- slightly movable fibrocartilage (pubic symphysis, intervertebral disks)
Decrease in production of this may lead to osteoarthritis
Synovial fluid
retraction
movement of a protracted part of the body back to normal
protraction
movement of the body anteriorly; thrusting the mandible outward
abduction
movement of the bone away from the midline
inversion
movement of the foot medically
pronation
movement of the forearm so that the palm is facing downward; petting a dog
supination
movement of the forearm so that the palm is turned upward; waiter holding a tray
eversion
movement of the sole laterally
opposition
movement of the thumb in which the thumb moves across the palm to touch the tips of fingers on the same hand
adduction
movement toward the midline
ROM of amphiarthroses
Slightly movable
What is a grade 2 of tears for injuries
20-40% tear requiring 6-8 weeks recovery
Define condyloid/ellipsoidal joint. Give 2 examples
A projection of one bone that fits into an oval-shaped depression of another. Knuckles, wrist
Serious sports related knee injury that it more common for females is called what
ACK tear
What are the 3 main functions of the menisci
Act as cushions b/t femur and tibia, conform to shape of bones as they move, provide lateral stability to the joint
2 examples of diarthroses joints
Any synovial joint: elbow, shoulder, wrist, knee, hip, ankle, knuckles, interphalangeal, etc.
This type of surgery is often used to repair torn cartilage and ligaments in the knee. Describe it and tell why it is advantageous
Arthroscopic surgery. Small incisions, snakelike camera, and tools used to perform surgery. Much less invasive and faster recovery time
Describe 3 features of the synovial joints and the purpose of synovial fluid
Bones connected by ligaments, have articular/synovial capsule, have synovial fluid and articular cartilage to reduce friction. Synovial fluid lubricates, absorbs shock, and exchanges wastes, O2, CO2, and nutrients
These fluid-like sacs are found in tendons and help reduce friction in certain joints. What is it called when they become inflamed
Bursae, bursitis
What is a grade 3 of tears for injuries
Complete tear usually requiring surgery and long rehab period
What factors contribute to osteoarthritis as people age
Decrease in production of synovial fluid, shortening of ligaments, loss of flexibility of ligaments, wearing away articular cartilage
What movement could cause damage to a ligament
Hyperextension
Movement of the trunk sideways to the right or left at the waist
Lateral flexion
ROM of synarthrosis
Not movable
When a ballerina goes up and down on her toes what opposing movement is she using
Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion
These are accessory structures of the knee
Posterior and anterior crucible ligaments, medial and lateral collateral ligaments, medial and lateral menisci
What is the opposing movement to supination
Pronation
Which joint allows you to supinate and primate your hand? What type of synovial joint is it?
Proximal radio ulnar joint. Pivot joint
What is the most common treatment for minor knee injuries
R.I.C.E (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
Give an example of fibrous joint
Skull sutures, gomphosis of teeth, interosseous membrane between radius and ulna
What is a grade 1 of tears for injuries
Small tear (around 10%) with fast recovery
What are 3 types of fibrous joints with examples of each
Sutural, skull sutures; syndesmoses, interosseous membrane between tibia and fibula; and gomphosis, teeth
What are 3 types of functional classification
Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses
Give an example of synovial joints
Thumb is saddle, shoulder is ball and socket
Common knee injury for older people is called
Torn meniscus
All synovial joints are freely movable. T or F
True
saddle joint
articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped, and the articular surface of the other bone fits into the saddle; thumb
ball-and-socket joint
ball-like surface of one fitting into a cuplike depression of another bone; shoulder and hip
plantar flexion
bending of the foot at the ankle in a downward movement
dorsiflexion
bending of the foot at the ankle in an upward direction
depression
downward movement of the body
plantar joint
primarily permit back-and-forth and side-to-side movements; intercarpal joints
hinge joint
produce an opening and closing motion like that of a hinged door; knee and elbow
What 6 factors affects the synovial joints ROM
shape of bones, tension of ligaments, tension of muscles, presences of soft tissue(like fat), hormones, lack of use
pivot joint
surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone; joints that enable the palms to turn anteriorly and posteriorly
what are tendon sheaths
they wrap around tendons, and reduce friction at the joints