Ch. 9 HLTH 252

After the process of malting, the typical American commercial beer contains about _______ percent alcohol.

4

Today's standard product from many large commercial distilleries is _______.

95 percent pure ethyl alcohol

It has been suggested that the accumulation of _______, which is quite toxic even in small quantities, contributes to the nausea and headache during a hangover due to alcohol consumption.

Acetaldehyde

The major factor determining the rate of alcohol metabolism is the _______.

Activity of the stomach enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase

Identify an effect of alcohol on the brain that increases one's urine flow.

Alcohol decreases the output of the antidiuretic hormone in the brain.

The disease model of alcohol dependence suggests that _______.

Alcohol dependence is a progressive disease characterized by a loss of control over drinking.

If a person suffers from alcohol-related fatty liver, the liver uses stored fatty acids for energy when _______.

Alcohol input ceases

_______ is a serious disease caused by prolonged alcohol intake that includes inflammation and impairment of liver function.

Alcoholic hepatitis

The facial and developmental abnormalities associated with the mother's alcohol use during pregnancy is known as _______ _______ syndrome.

fetal alcohol

_______ forms the basis for all alcoholic beverages.

Fermentation

Identify an accurate statement about ale, which is a form of beer.

Flavor of the malt is retained due to the shorter fermentation time.

Canadian and Scotch whiskys are made _______.

From about two-thirds straight whicky and one-third grain neutral spirits.

What happens when heavy alcohol use stops and the alcohol has disappeared from the body of a person who has been drinking alcohol heavily over a prolonged period?

High activity level of the metabolic enzymes continues for four to eight weeks.

A level of _______ and below is a safe blood alcohol concentration, or BAC, for driving under the influence of alcohol

0.05

Identify the consequences of a significant tax increase on alcoholic beverages by Congress in 1991.

Tax on bottled wine increased sixfold to about 22 cents per bottle. Beer tax doubled to $18 per barrel.

Identify a hormone-related disorder in men that is associated with chronic alcohol abuse.

Testicular atrophy

Identify a symptom of Wernicke's disease, which is an alcohol-related organic brain disease.

Ataxia

Optimal treatment of patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome during the early stages involves the administration of a _______.

Benzodiazepine

It was discovered many years ago in Spain that if enough _______ is added to a newly fermented wine the fermentation will stop.

Brandy

Which of the following is a negative consequence of Prohibition?

Buying and selling alcohol illegally

When alcohol is formed during distillation, other alcohols and oils that are known as _______ are also formed.

Congeners

The largest-selling imported beer in the United States is _______, from Mexico.

Corona

Most patients with Wernicke's disease, an alcohol-related organic brain disease, also exhibit Korsakoff's psychosis that is characterized by an

Inability to remember recent events or to learn new information

Alcohol dilates the peripheral blood vessels in the central nervous system, and this _______.

Increases heat loss from a drinker's body

Through the writings indicating a negative view of alcohol, Benjamin Rush _______.

Introduced the concept of addiction to a psychoactive substance

Identify a true statement about the studies on twins about alcohol dependence.

It concluded that some degree of vulnerability to alcohol dependence might be inherited.

In the context of alcohol's mechanism of action, identify a disadvantage of using alcohol as an anesthetic.

It has a long duration of action that cannot be controlled

Identify true statements about the impact of prohibition.

It led to a decrease in the rates of alcohol-related deaths at the beginning. It reduced overall alcohol intake.

Identify a true statement about alcoholic hepatitis, which is a disease caused by prolonged alcohol intake.

It occurs in areas of the liver where cells are dead and dying.

Identify a true statement about gin.

It was one of the first beverages to be made from straight grain neutral spirits.

Lia is a lean woman weighing 180 pounds. Her friend Melissa also weighs 180 pounds, but Melissa has a higher percent of body fat. On one occasion, they drank the same amount of alcohol. In the context of the distribution of alcohol in the body, identify a true statement about the blood alcohol concentration, or BAC, found in Lia and Melissa.

Lia will have a lower BAC than Melissa

Death resulting from acute alcohol intoxication usually is the result of respiratory failure when the _______.

Medulla is depressed

States that did allow sales of liquor became fewer until 1966 _______, the last dry state, allowed sales of liquor.

Mississippi

Generics

Named after European land areas where the original wines were produced.

Varietals

Named after one variety of grape that makes up at least 51 percent of the grapes used in producing the wine.

Identify the personality factors that describe an alcoholic personality.

Passive, depressed, impulsive

Removal of yeast from bottled or canned American Beer is usually accomplished by _______.

Pasteurization

Identify a finding of surveys that studied the influence of alcohol on sexual behaviour.

People are more likely to have sex on a date when they drink alcohol on that date.

Identify the diseases associated with immune deficits seen in chronic alcohol abusers.

Pneumonia, Cholera, Tuberculosis

After Congress initiated a significant tax increase on alcoholic beverages in 1991, the total increase in cost to the consumer resulted in _______.

about 2 percent decrease in sales of beer and liquor during the first half of the year

Identify a true statement about the Association Against Prohibition, which was formed in 1926.

Its major hope was that income taxes could be reduced.

Arrange the steps involved in the production of light beers in the correct order of occurrence.

1. Mash of barley malt and other cereal grains is fermented at a cooler temperature for a longer time. 2. Alcohol content is adjusted by adding water. 3. A beverage with considerably less sugar and only a bit less alcohol is produced.

An action of alcohol on the brain is to decrease the output of the _______ responsible for retaining fluid in the body.

Antidiuretic hormone

Identify a consequence of heavy drinking on the heart and circulation.

Damage to the heart muscle

Identify a consequence of alcohol-related cirrhosis of the liver.

Decreased ability of the liver to function.

An alcohol withdrawal syndrome that includes hallucinations and tremors is known as _______.

Delirium tremens

Generalized loss of brain tissue results from direct alcohol toxicity associated with alcoholic _______, which is a global decline of intellect.

Dementia

_______ is a process in which the solution containing alcohol is heated, and the vapors are collected and condensed into liquid form again.

Distillation

In the context of the disease model of alcohol dependence, a consequence of defining alcohol dependence as a primary disease is that _______.

Drinking itself should be recognized as a problem.

True or false: The culture of extreme drinking necessarily correlates will with overall alcohol consumption.

False

True or false: A higher blood alcohol concentration, or BAC, is necessary to impair the performance of a moderate drinker than to impair the performance of a chronic, heavy drinker.

False. It is the opposite.

True or false: The current belief is that the personality factors of a drinker reflect the preexisting abnormalities that caused the problem drinking rather than the years of intoxication and the critical events that led to the decision to enter treatment.

False. Most individual drinkers do not seem to fit any single set of descriptors. The current belief is that the personality factors of a drinker reflect the years of intoxication and the critical events that led to the decision to enter treatment rather than preexisting abnormalities that caused the problem drinking.

True or false: Organized crime became less profitable as a result of Prohibition.

False. People began buying and selling alcohol illegally.

Identify a true statement about fatty liver, which is a condition caused by alcohol.

Fatty acid droplets increase in size until they rupture the cell membrane, causing death of the liver cells.

Ryan, a 20-year-old university student, attended a college party. He and his friends drank a lot of alcohol at the party. One of Ryan's friends, John, was about to pass out after drinking alcohol. In this scenario, Ryan should _______.

Place John on his side so that any vomit is less likely to be aspirated.

In the United States, the alcoholic content of distilled beverages is indicated by the term _______

Proof

Alcohol taken with or after a meal is absorbed more slowly because the _______.

Protein in the good retains the alcohol with it in the stomach.

In terms of beneficial aspects of alcohol on the heart, there has been speculation that _______ might have been better effects other than forms of alcohol due to the pressure of antioxidants.

Red wine

The _______ is responsible for most absorption of alcohol in the body.

Small intestine

Identify a true statement about the behavioral effects of blood alcohol concentration, or BAC.

The rate at which BAC rises is a factor in determining behavioral effects of a person.

Identify a true statement about French champagnes.

They are naturally carbonated wines.

Which of the following statements is true of liqueurs, or cordials?

They are usually consumed in small amounts.