Ch. 9 - Skeletal System: Articulations

Which is categorized as a symphysis?

joint between two pubic bones

In _______ the ankle joints permits extension of the foot so that the toes point inferiorly

Plantar Flexion

What is it called when the forearm rotates the palm to the posterior?

Pronation

a joint in which articulating bones are joined by dense regular connective tissue

Syndesmoses

which type of joint would one find between the radius and the ulna

Syndesmoses

When bones have completely fused across the suture line, they become ________

Synostoses

The sternoclavicular joint is what type of joint?

saddle

the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb between the trapezium and the first metacarpal is an example of a ______ joint

saddle

The ______ joint is the only mobile joint between skull bones

temporomandibular

___ are composed of dense regular connective tissue and attach muscles to bones

tendons

Select any examples of plane joint:

- Intercarpal Joint - Intertarsal Joint

a ____________ is a stretching or tearing of ligaments without fracture or dislocation of the joint

sprain

________ are immobile (synarthrotic) fibrous joints that are found between the bones of the skull

sutures

Fibrocartilage of a ________ resists compression and acts as a shock absorber

symphysis

of the three major type of joint the _____ joints are freely moveable articulations and are classified as diarthrosis

synovial

the joint capsule has an inner layer called the

synovial membrane

Clicking or popping noise may be heard as the person opens or closes in the mouth when there is damage to the _______ joint

temporomandibular

A lever system in which the effort is between the fulcrum and the resistance is a ______ class lever

third

the knee has two articulations, the ___________________ joint and the patellofemoral joint

tibiofemoral

True or False: In a shoulder seperation, the acromion will appear unusally prominent

true

Select all that are movements allowed in the cervical and lumbar regions of the vertebral column

- Extension - Lateral Flexion - Flexion

Which are true of a second class lever system?

- a small force balances a larger resistance - the effort arm is always longer than resistance arm

Which type(s) of cartilage can be found in cartilaginous joints?

- fibrocartilage - Hyaline cartilage

Which are classified as synovial joints?

- knee joint - elbow - glenohumeral

the rotator cuff muscles include:

- subscapularis and teres minor - supraspinatus and infraspinatus

Injury to the fibular collateral ligament is fairly rare because

- the ligament is very strong - medial blows to the knee are rare

the cartilaginous joint between the two pubic bones is called the _______ _________.

pubic symphysis

A level is a _____ object that rotates around a point called a(n) __________

rigid ; fulcrum

The spheno-occipital synchondrosis fuses between _____ and _____ years of age, making it usefultool for assessing the age of the skull

18 ; 25

_______ is the extension of a joint beyond 180 degrees

Hyperextension

When the thumb moves away from the palmer surface of the tip of the fingers, the movement is referred to as _________

Reposition

The articulation between the sternum and the costal cartilage of rib 2-7 is not a synchondrosis, it is a _________ joint

Synovial

True or False: The elbow joint is more stable and less mobile than the glenohumeral joint

True

the ___________ ligaments of the knee cross each other in the form of an "x"

cruciate

_____ is the inferior movement of a part of the body

Depression

When you raise your arm anteriorly, it is called _______ of the shoulder

Flexion

When you bring your raised arm or thigh back towards the body midline, you are performing _________

adduction

When you squeeze a pair of tweezers, you are applying effort to a _________ class lever system

Third

the biceps brachii muscle applies the effort in a ________ class lever

Third

A shoulder seperation is the dislocation of the _______ joint

acromioclavicular

_____ connect bones together and reinforce most synovial joints

ligaments

Which joints are synostoses that have distinct, interlocking, usually irregular edges that increase their strength?

sutures

the hinge joint shown involves bones _______ and ________

ulna ; humerus

one part of the elbow joint is where the trochlear notch of the _______ articulates with the _____ of the humerus

ulna ; trochlea

An orthodontist would work with which joint?

Gomphosis

the deltoid ligament is also called the _________ ligament

medial

There is a "trade off" between ____ and ____ in every joint

mobility ; stability

The atlantoaxial joint between the first two cervical vertebrae is classified as a(n) _______ joint

pivot

Which joints can have a broad ligament sheet called an interosseous membrane?

Syndesmoses

___ ___ nourishes the chondrocytes of the articular cartilage in a synovial joint

Synovial Fluid

in synovial joints the bone surfaces are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage called the

articular cartilage

Shoulder seperations usually occur when a fully _________ humerus is struck hard

abducted

the tibial collateral ligament is frequently injured when the leg is forcibly _____ at the knee

abducted

When you spread your fingers or toes apart, away from the longest digit, which acts like the midline, you are performing _______.

abduction

the plane joint between the acromion and the lateral end of the clavicle is the

acromioclavicular

the acromioclavicular joint is streghtened by two ligaments, the __________ ligament and the __________ ligament

acromioclavicular ; coracoclavicular

A _______ joint is a uniaxial joint in which the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave depression of the other bone

hinge

the ACL can be injured when the leg is _________

hyperextended

The PCL may be injured if the leg is _________

hyperflexed

A place of contact between bone and cartilage or between bones and other bones is called a ______.

joint

The unhappy triad of knee injuries occurs in football players due to a _________ blow to the knee

lateral

when the knee is extended, the ______ is pulled tight and prevents hyperextension

ACL

The practice of applying mechanical principles to biology is known as ________

biomechanics

Match the movement with its description

Abduction - movement of a bone away from the midline Adduction - movement of a bone toward the midline Circumduction - a continuous movement that combines flexion, adbduction, extension and adduction in succession

__________ are designed to alleviate the friction resulting from various body movements

Bursae

Repeated coughing or overexertion during exercise may cause _______ , resulting in localized chest pain.

Costochondritis

Match the movement with the description

Dorsiflexion - heel is lower than toes Plantar Flexion - heel is higher than toes Inversion - soles turned inward Eversion - soles turned outward

________ is the superior movement of a body part

Elevation

In ________, the sole of the foot turns to face laterally

Eversion

True or False: The ligaments of the hip joint assure the hip is most stable in the flexed position

False

a joint in which articulating bones are joined by dense regular connective tissue is classified as a _______ joint

Fibrous

A playground teeter-totter is a common example of which class of lever system?

First class

The lever system with the fulcrum between the resistance and the effort is which type?

First class

an articulation in which bones are joined by hyaline cartilage is called a

Synchondrosis

Match the lever system class with its properties

First class - fulcrum between load and effort Second class - smaller force always balances a larger weight Third class - effort arm always shorter than resistance arm

_______ is movement in an anterior-posterior plane of the body that decreases the angle between articulating bones

Flexion

Match the name of the joint with its description:

Gomphosis - holds teeth in their sockets Suture - connects skull bones Syndesmosis - between radius and ulna

_______ involves turning the sole of the foot medially

Inversion

_____ rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus laterally

Lateral

_______ are composed of dense regular connective tissue that connect one bone to another

Ligaments

By monitoring stretch at a joint, the _______ ______ can detect changes in our posture and adjust body movements

Nervous system

When the thumb moves towards the tips of the fingers as it crosses the palm of the hand it is called ______

Opposition

Match the type of joints on teh left with their relative mobility on the right with 1 being least mobile and 4 being most mobile

Plane - 1 Condylar - 2 Saddle - 3 Ball and Socket - 4

______________ is the medial rotation of the forearm so that the palm of the hand is directed posteriorly or inferiorly

Pronation

The axle of a wheelbarrow is the fulcrum in a ________ lever system

Second

When you stand on tip-toes, the distal end of the metatarsals acts as the fulcrum in a __________ class lever system

Second

What is it called when the forearm rotates the palm anteriorly?

Supination

How is a gomphosis characterized, in terms of movement?

Synarthrosis

Match the type of joint with its description

Synarthrosis - immobile Amphiarthrosis - semi-mobile Diarthrosis - mobile

Most costochondral joints between the ribs and costal cartilage are classified as what type of joints?

Synchondroses

The most common type of lever system in the body is the ______ class lever system

Third

True or False: The ACL is rather weak compared to the other knee ligaments

True

True or False: the ACL is rather weak compared to other knee ligaments

True

The glenohumeral joint is a _________ joint which is the most unstable joint in the body and one of the most frequently dislocated

ball-and-socket

a fibrous sac-like structure that contains synovial fluid and is on the outside of the joint to protect from friction is called a ___

bursa

One part of the elbow joint is the humeroradical joint where the _______ of the humerus articulates with the _____ of the radius

capitulum , head

________ is a complex movement that occurs as a result of continuous sequence of flexion, adduction, extension and abduction

circumduction

The hip joint is also called the _______ joint

coxal

In a lever system, the distance between the fulcrum and the location of the applied force is known as the ________

effort arm

A "fractured hip" is usually a fracture of the ________ __________

femoral neck

The ligament on the lateral side of the knee is called the _______ ligament

fibular collateral

A lever system in which the fulcrum is located between the point of effort and the point of resistance is a _______ class lever

first

in the body, the atlanto-occipital joint is in the fulcrum of a class lever system

first

Bending your arm at the elbow is an example of ___________

flexion

The sound of cracking or popping knuckles is due to __________ dissolved in the fluid coming out of solution and forming bubbles

gases

joints associated with movement of the shoulder include the sternoclavicular joint, the acromioclavicular joint and the ______ joint

glenohumeral

________ is a simple movement in which two opposing surfaces slide slightly back and forth or side to side with respect to another

gliding

In the talocrural joint, the medial and lateral ___________ of the tibia and fibular keep the talus from sliding side to side

malleoli

A fibrocartilage in a joint (such as the pads located on the condyles of the tibia) is called a _________

meniscus

The coxal joint is ______ stable than the glenohumeral joint

more

flexion, extension, hyperextension

movements of the cervical spine

A common misconception with a "broken hip" is that the ____ ________ is broken, which is false

os coxae

A __________ joint has a fluid filled joint cavity between articulating surfaces of the bones

synovial

True or False: When the epiphyseal plate closes, a synchondrosis no longer exists

true