Ch. 9 - Skeletal System: Articulations
Which is categorized as a symphysis?
joint between two pubic bones
In _______ the ankle joints permits extension of the foot so that the toes point inferiorly
Plantar Flexion
What is it called when the forearm rotates the palm to the posterior?
Pronation
a joint in which articulating bones are joined by dense regular connective tissue
Syndesmoses
which type of joint would one find between the radius and the ulna
Syndesmoses
When bones have completely fused across the suture line, they become ________
Synostoses
The sternoclavicular joint is what type of joint?
saddle
the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb between the trapezium and the first metacarpal is an example of a ______ joint
saddle
The ______ joint is the only mobile joint between skull bones
temporomandibular
___ are composed of dense regular connective tissue and attach muscles to bones
tendons
Select any examples of plane joint:
- Intercarpal Joint - Intertarsal Joint
a ____________ is a stretching or tearing of ligaments without fracture or dislocation of the joint
sprain
________ are immobile (synarthrotic) fibrous joints that are found between the bones of the skull
sutures
Fibrocartilage of a ________ resists compression and acts as a shock absorber
symphysis
of the three major type of joint the _____ joints are freely moveable articulations and are classified as diarthrosis
synovial
the joint capsule has an inner layer called the
synovial membrane
Clicking or popping noise may be heard as the person opens or closes in the mouth when there is damage to the _______ joint
temporomandibular
A lever system in which the effort is between the fulcrum and the resistance is a ______ class lever
third
the knee has two articulations, the ___________________ joint and the patellofemoral joint
tibiofemoral
True or False: In a shoulder seperation, the acromion will appear unusally prominent
true
Select all that are movements allowed in the cervical and lumbar regions of the vertebral column
- Extension - Lateral Flexion - Flexion
Which are true of a second class lever system?
- a small force balances a larger resistance - the effort arm is always longer than resistance arm
Which type(s) of cartilage can be found in cartilaginous joints?
- fibrocartilage - Hyaline cartilage
Which are classified as synovial joints?
- knee joint - elbow - glenohumeral
the rotator cuff muscles include:
- subscapularis and teres minor - supraspinatus and infraspinatus
Injury to the fibular collateral ligament is fairly rare because
- the ligament is very strong - medial blows to the knee are rare
the cartilaginous joint between the two pubic bones is called the _______ _________.
pubic symphysis
A level is a _____ object that rotates around a point called a(n) __________
rigid ; fulcrum
The spheno-occipital synchondrosis fuses between _____ and _____ years of age, making it usefultool for assessing the age of the skull
18 ; 25
_______ is the extension of a joint beyond 180 degrees
Hyperextension
When the thumb moves away from the palmer surface of the tip of the fingers, the movement is referred to as _________
Reposition
The articulation between the sternum and the costal cartilage of rib 2-7 is not a synchondrosis, it is a _________ joint
Synovial
True or False: The elbow joint is more stable and less mobile than the glenohumeral joint
True
the ___________ ligaments of the knee cross each other in the form of an "x"
cruciate
_____ is the inferior movement of a part of the body
Depression
When you raise your arm anteriorly, it is called _______ of the shoulder
Flexion
When you bring your raised arm or thigh back towards the body midline, you are performing _________
adduction
When you squeeze a pair of tweezers, you are applying effort to a _________ class lever system
Third
the biceps brachii muscle applies the effort in a ________ class lever
Third
A shoulder seperation is the dislocation of the _______ joint
acromioclavicular
_____ connect bones together and reinforce most synovial joints
ligaments
Which joints are synostoses that have distinct, interlocking, usually irregular edges that increase their strength?
sutures
the hinge joint shown involves bones _______ and ________
ulna ; humerus
one part of the elbow joint is where the trochlear notch of the _______ articulates with the _____ of the humerus
ulna ; trochlea
An orthodontist would work with which joint?
Gomphosis
the deltoid ligament is also called the _________ ligament
medial
There is a "trade off" between ____ and ____ in every joint
mobility ; stability
The atlantoaxial joint between the first two cervical vertebrae is classified as a(n) _______ joint
pivot
Which joints can have a broad ligament sheet called an interosseous membrane?
Syndesmoses
___ ___ nourishes the chondrocytes of the articular cartilage in a synovial joint
Synovial Fluid
in synovial joints the bone surfaces are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage called the
articular cartilage
Shoulder seperations usually occur when a fully _________ humerus is struck hard
abducted
the tibial collateral ligament is frequently injured when the leg is forcibly _____ at the knee
abducted
When you spread your fingers or toes apart, away from the longest digit, which acts like the midline, you are performing _______.
abduction
the plane joint between the acromion and the lateral end of the clavicle is the
acromioclavicular
the acromioclavicular joint is streghtened by two ligaments, the __________ ligament and the __________ ligament
acromioclavicular ; coracoclavicular
A _______ joint is a uniaxial joint in which the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave depression of the other bone
hinge
the ACL can be injured when the leg is _________
hyperextended
The PCL may be injured if the leg is _________
hyperflexed
A place of contact between bone and cartilage or between bones and other bones is called a ______.
joint
The unhappy triad of knee injuries occurs in football players due to a _________ blow to the knee
lateral
when the knee is extended, the ______ is pulled tight and prevents hyperextension
ACL
The practice of applying mechanical principles to biology is known as ________
biomechanics
Match the movement with its description
Abduction - movement of a bone away from the midline Adduction - movement of a bone toward the midline Circumduction - a continuous movement that combines flexion, adbduction, extension and adduction in succession
__________ are designed to alleviate the friction resulting from various body movements
Bursae
Repeated coughing or overexertion during exercise may cause _______ , resulting in localized chest pain.
Costochondritis
Match the movement with the description
Dorsiflexion - heel is lower than toes Plantar Flexion - heel is higher than toes Inversion - soles turned inward Eversion - soles turned outward
________ is the superior movement of a body part
Elevation
In ________, the sole of the foot turns to face laterally
Eversion
True or False: The ligaments of the hip joint assure the hip is most stable in the flexed position
False
a joint in which articulating bones are joined by dense regular connective tissue is classified as a _______ joint
Fibrous
A playground teeter-totter is a common example of which class of lever system?
First class
The lever system with the fulcrum between the resistance and the effort is which type?
First class
an articulation in which bones are joined by hyaline cartilage is called a
Synchondrosis
Match the lever system class with its properties
First class - fulcrum between load and effort Second class - smaller force always balances a larger weight Third class - effort arm always shorter than resistance arm
_______ is movement in an anterior-posterior plane of the body that decreases the angle between articulating bones
Flexion
Match the name of the joint with its description:
Gomphosis - holds teeth in their sockets Suture - connects skull bones Syndesmosis - between radius and ulna
_______ involves turning the sole of the foot medially
Inversion
_____ rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus laterally
Lateral
_______ are composed of dense regular connective tissue that connect one bone to another
Ligaments
By monitoring stretch at a joint, the _______ ______ can detect changes in our posture and adjust body movements
Nervous system
When the thumb moves towards the tips of the fingers as it crosses the palm of the hand it is called ______
Opposition
Match the type of joints on teh left with their relative mobility on the right with 1 being least mobile and 4 being most mobile
Plane - 1 Condylar - 2 Saddle - 3 Ball and Socket - 4
______________ is the medial rotation of the forearm so that the palm of the hand is directed posteriorly or inferiorly
Pronation
The axle of a wheelbarrow is the fulcrum in a ________ lever system
Second
When you stand on tip-toes, the distal end of the metatarsals acts as the fulcrum in a __________ class lever system
Second
What is it called when the forearm rotates the palm anteriorly?
Supination
How is a gomphosis characterized, in terms of movement?
Synarthrosis
Match the type of joint with its description
Synarthrosis - immobile Amphiarthrosis - semi-mobile Diarthrosis - mobile
Most costochondral joints between the ribs and costal cartilage are classified as what type of joints?
Synchondroses
The most common type of lever system in the body is the ______ class lever system
Third
True or False: The ACL is rather weak compared to the other knee ligaments
True
True or False: the ACL is rather weak compared to other knee ligaments
True
The glenohumeral joint is a _________ joint which is the most unstable joint in the body and one of the most frequently dislocated
ball-and-socket
a fibrous sac-like structure that contains synovial fluid and is on the outside of the joint to protect from friction is called a ___
bursa
One part of the elbow joint is the humeroradical joint where the _______ of the humerus articulates with the _____ of the radius
capitulum , head
________ is a complex movement that occurs as a result of continuous sequence of flexion, adduction, extension and abduction
circumduction
The hip joint is also called the _______ joint
coxal
In a lever system, the distance between the fulcrum and the location of the applied force is known as the ________
effort arm
A "fractured hip" is usually a fracture of the ________ __________
femoral neck
The ligament on the lateral side of the knee is called the _______ ligament
fibular collateral
A lever system in which the fulcrum is located between the point of effort and the point of resistance is a _______ class lever
first
in the body, the atlanto-occipital joint is in the fulcrum of a class lever system
first
Bending your arm at the elbow is an example of ___________
flexion
The sound of cracking or popping knuckles is due to __________ dissolved in the fluid coming out of solution and forming bubbles
gases
joints associated with movement of the shoulder include the sternoclavicular joint, the acromioclavicular joint and the ______ joint
glenohumeral
________ is a simple movement in which two opposing surfaces slide slightly back and forth or side to side with respect to another
gliding
In the talocrural joint, the medial and lateral ___________ of the tibia and fibular keep the talus from sliding side to side
malleoli
A fibrocartilage in a joint (such as the pads located on the condyles of the tibia) is called a _________
meniscus
The coxal joint is ______ stable than the glenohumeral joint
more
flexion, extension, hyperextension
movements of the cervical spine
A common misconception with a "broken hip" is that the ____ ________ is broken, which is false
os coxae
A __________ joint has a fluid filled joint cavity between articulating surfaces of the bones
synovial
True or False: When the epiphyseal plate closes, a synchondrosis no longer exists
true
