Ch 9 SmartBook

Which incentive system, developed by Frederick Taylor, is an example of the application of his classical theory of motivation

A piece-rate system where workers are paid for each unit they produce

Reinforcement theory is associated with which of these processes

Behavior modification

Punishment is the more effective way to modify behavior in the workplace

False

Having a sense of personal satisfaction after completing a big project at work refers to what type of reward

Intrinsic

Based on Herzberg's theory, which element is a hygiene factor

Job security

According to Herzberg, hygiene factors at work would include which two items * Job security * The work itself * Opportunities for advancement * Good working conditions

Job security Good working conditions

What are two characteristics of a manager with a Theory X mentality? * Motivates through fear * Relaxed and encourages employees * Tells people what to do and how to do it * Empowers employees and gives them responsibility

Motivates through fear Tells people what to do and how to do it

Craig didn't feel like working on the report his boss wanted him to do. It was 4:00 p.m. on a Friday and Craig planned to leave early. He decides to put off the report until Monday. Craig's response to doing the report is a reflection of his Blank______

Motivation

Which level of needs will a person be motivated to meet first

Physiological needs

What are four examples of morale boosters in the workplace? * Pleasant work environment * Appreciation * Adequate compensation * Respect * Unfriendly co-workers * Unrealistic deadlines

Pleasant work environment Appreciation Adequate compensation Respect

According to Herzberg, which item is a motivational factor

Recognition

According to Herzberg, to improve productivity, management should focus on higher-level needs—what he called motivational factors. What is the highest level need one would accomplish according to Maslow

Self-actualization

What is a characteristic of an engaged worker

Works with a commitment to the organization

McGregor's traditional view of management is called Theory Blank______

X

Herzberg studied the relationship between ______

motivation and job-related factors

A Theory X manager would most likely

provide constant supervision.

According to McGregor, Theory X managers view employees as ______.

wishing to avoid responsibility

An employee who does not feel that he or she is being treated fairly may be motivated to equalize the situation by taking which three actions * Work harder * Cheating * Increase production * Stealing * Lying

Cheating Stealing Lying

What are two characteristics of a manager with a Theory Y mentality? * Motivates people with threats * Tells people how to do their jobs * Embraces employee empowerment * Encourages employees to design solutions

Embraces employee empowerment Encourages employees to design solutions

What theory is based on the idea that employees try to maintain fairness or balance between inputs and outputs as compared to others in similar positions

Equity

_______ theory states that employees look for fairness in the workplace as compared to others before deciding to perform

Equity

What was the main objective of the time and motion studies conducted by Frederick Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth?

Increase worker productivity

In his classical theory of motivation, Frederick Taylor proposed two things that he thought would improve worker productivity. What were they? * Job rotation * Job specialization * Linking pay to output * Flextime for full-time workers

Job specialization Linking pay to output

____ is an inner drive that directs a person's behavior toward goals

Motivation

______ explains why people behave as they do or, at times, why people avoid doing what they should do

Motivation

According to Herzberg, which motivational factor would likely inspire an employee to work harder

Recognition

_________ needs are at the top of Maslow's hierarchy and involve reaching one's potential

Self-actualization

Why should managers be concerned with the study of human relations? * Positive interpersonal relationships among employees are related to high morale and motivation in the workplace. * Strict control systems are associated with improved worker productivity. * Effectively motivating employees keeps them engaged in their work. * Motivated employees achieve organizational objectives efficiently and effectively.

* Positive interpersonal relationships among employees are related to high morale and motivation in the workplace. * Effectively motivating employees keeps them engaged in their work. * Motivated employees achieve organizational objectives efficiently and effectively.

Which motivation theory suggests that money is the sole motivator for workers

The classical theory

The use of financial incentives to improve productivity is most closely related to which theory of motivation

The classical theory of motivation

How would a manager subscribing to Theory Z manage his or her employees

The management style would be participative; managers and workers share responsibilities

What is an example of security need

The need for health insurance

McGregor constructed two views of management--the traditional view, which he called _______, and a humanistic view, which he called _______

Theory X; Theory Y

McGregor's humanistic view of management whereby it is assumed that workers like to work and that under proper conditions employees will seek out responsibility in an attempt to satisfy their social, esteem, and self-actualization needs is known as ______.

Theory Y

_____ is a management philosophy that emphasizes employee participation in all aspects of company decision making

Theory Z

The initial result of the Hawthorne studies demonstrated that no matter what the levels of light and noise were, worker productivity increased simply because the workers liked the attention they received by being part of a study

True

According to equity theory, in order to restore equity or fairness of a work situation, a worker may try what two things? * Try to increase the outputs of coworkers * Try to increase his or her own inputs * Try to have the inputs of coworkers increased * Try to increase his or her own outputs

Try to have the inputs of coworkers increased Try to increase his or her own outputs

The Hawthorne studies are considered major studies because they led to ______

a concern for human relations in the workplace

A Theory Y manager would most likely ______.

allow employees to make decisions

In the workplace, what condition most relates to esteem needs

competition

An employee who feels emotional involvement and commitment to their work is said to be ______

engaged

Herzberg's motivational factors relate to which levels of Maslow's hierarchy

esteem and self actualization

Managers who strive to understand how to boost workplace morale, maximize productivity, and motivate employees to be more effective are concerned with the study of ______

human relations

The study of the behavior of individuals and groups in organizational settings is referred to as _____.

human relations

After working for months to learn how to use a drill press, Taryn finally mastered the use of the tool. She is pleased that her hard work paid off. This is an example of a(n) ______ reward

intrinsic

The personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals refers to a(n) ______ reward

intrinsic

An employee's attitude toward his or her job, employer, and colleagues is referred to as that employee's ______

morale

Recognition, involvement, appreciation, adequate compensation, a pleasant work environment, and a positive organizational culture all contribute to positive ____ in the workplace

morale

An inner drive that causes humans to act, whether it is eating to reduce hunger or studying for an exam to get a good grade is referred to as ______

motivation

An assumption about people made by a Theory Y manager is that people ______

naturally like to work

Water, food, shelter, and clothing are essential for life and are considered _____ needs by Maslow

physiological

The initial results of the Hawthorne studies found that ______

productivity increased regardless of the physical conditions

Esteem needs are related to _____

respect

B.F. Skinner, a psychologist who developed behavior modification, theory found that behavior that is ______ will tend to be increased, whereas behavior that is ______ will tend to be eliminated

rewarded; punished

A person's desire to be accepted by others is a reflection of their _____ needs

social

Herzberg's hygiene factors relate to

the work setting

According to Maslow, the difference between satisfied and unsatisfied needs is that ______

unsatisfied needs continue to motivate

Which researcher studied motivation specifically related to the workplace and determined that a variety of hygiene and motivational factors impact worker motivation

Herzberg

What are three organizational outcomes of high morale? * High rates of absenteeism * High levels of productivity * High returns to stakeholders * High employee turnover * High employee loyalty

High levels of productivity High returns to stakeholders High employee loyalty

The Hawthorne studies gave birth to which movement in organizations

Human relations

Which area of the organizational environment seeks to understand what motivates employees to perform on the job

Human relations

What is an example of an extrinsic reward

Pay increase

What are two assumptions about people made by Theory X managers? * People want responsibility at work. * People enjoy work for its own sake. * People must be forced to work. * People prefer to avoid work.

People must be forced to work. People prefer to avoid work.

Which three examples demonstrate an intrinsic reward? * Receiving a certificate of achievement * Personal satisfaction * Receiving praise from a co-worker on a job well done * Feeling that your work contributes to society * Feeling that your work contributes to the company

Personal satisfaction Feeling that your work contributes to society Feeling that your work contributes to the company

According to Maslow, which need level refers to things essential to survival, such as water, food, and shelter

Physiological needs

_______ unacceptable behavior may provide quick results but may lead to undesirable long-term side effects, such as employee dissatisfaction and increased turnover

Punishing

Employees are motivated by the nature of the relationships they have with their supervisors, by the nature of their jobs, and by the characteristics of the organization

True

Feelings of pay inequity in the workplace may lead to unethical behavior

True

Viewing employees as people who like to work is considered the viewpoint of a Theory ______ manager

Y

Benefits and/or recognition that you receive from someone else such as a bonus or award certificate is a(n) ______ reward

extrinsic

Greg's team was given the task of updating the company's invoice and billing system. They completed the project ahead of schedule and came in way under budget. As a result, everyone on the team received a bonus. This is an example of a(n) ______ reward

extrinsic

Something given to you by someone else in recognition of good work is referred to as a(n) ______

extrinsic reward

In equity theory, a worker's contribution to the organization is referred to as his or her _______, while rewards offered by the organization are referred to as _______

inputs; outputs

One tool managers can use to foster employee loyalty and boost productivity is ______

motivation

Due, in part, to the classical theory of motivation, more and more corporations are tying _____ to performance in order to motivate employees

pay

An assumption made by a Theory X manager about people is that ______

people have little ambition

Time and motion studies conducted by Frederick Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth in the early 20th century focused on how workers perform specific work tasks in an effort to improve ________

productivity

The need to protect yourself from physical and economic harm fits the _____ need category, according to Maslow

security

A ________ person feels that she or he is living life to its fullest in every way

self-actualized

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, to fulfill _______ needs, a person may try to make friends with a coworker, join a group, volunteer at a hospital, and/or throw a party

social

Joining a group, volunteering, or throwing a party are all ways an individual might satisfy their ____ needs

social