Ch 9 SmartBook
Which incentive system, developed by Frederick Taylor, is an example of the application of his classical theory of motivation
A piece-rate system where workers are paid for each unit they produce
Reinforcement theory is associated with which of these processes
Behavior modification
Punishment is the more effective way to modify behavior in the workplace
False
Having a sense of personal satisfaction after completing a big project at work refers to what type of reward
Intrinsic
Based on Herzberg's theory, which element is a hygiene factor
Job security
According to Herzberg, hygiene factors at work would include which two items * Job security * The work itself * Opportunities for advancement * Good working conditions
Job security Good working conditions
What are two characteristics of a manager with a Theory X mentality? * Motivates through fear * Relaxed and encourages employees * Tells people what to do and how to do it * Empowers employees and gives them responsibility
Motivates through fear Tells people what to do and how to do it
Craig didn't feel like working on the report his boss wanted him to do. It was 4:00 p.m. on a Friday and Craig planned to leave early. He decides to put off the report until Monday. Craig's response to doing the report is a reflection of his Blank______
Motivation
Which level of needs will a person be motivated to meet first
Physiological needs
What are four examples of morale boosters in the workplace? * Pleasant work environment * Appreciation * Adequate compensation * Respect * Unfriendly co-workers * Unrealistic deadlines
Pleasant work environment Appreciation Adequate compensation Respect
According to Herzberg, which item is a motivational factor
Recognition
According to Herzberg, to improve productivity, management should focus on higher-level needs—what he called motivational factors. What is the highest level need one would accomplish according to Maslow
Self-actualization
What is a characteristic of an engaged worker
Works with a commitment to the organization
McGregor's traditional view of management is called Theory Blank______
X
Herzberg studied the relationship between ______
motivation and job-related factors
A Theory X manager would most likely
provide constant supervision.
According to McGregor, Theory X managers view employees as ______.
wishing to avoid responsibility
An employee who does not feel that he or she is being treated fairly may be motivated to equalize the situation by taking which three actions * Work harder * Cheating * Increase production * Stealing * Lying
Cheating Stealing Lying
What are two characteristics of a manager with a Theory Y mentality? * Motivates people with threats * Tells people how to do their jobs * Embraces employee empowerment * Encourages employees to design solutions
Embraces employee empowerment Encourages employees to design solutions
What theory is based on the idea that employees try to maintain fairness or balance between inputs and outputs as compared to others in similar positions
Equity
_______ theory states that employees look for fairness in the workplace as compared to others before deciding to perform
Equity
What was the main objective of the time and motion studies conducted by Frederick Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth?
Increase worker productivity
In his classical theory of motivation, Frederick Taylor proposed two things that he thought would improve worker productivity. What were they? * Job rotation * Job specialization * Linking pay to output * Flextime for full-time workers
Job specialization Linking pay to output
____ is an inner drive that directs a person's behavior toward goals
Motivation
______ explains why people behave as they do or, at times, why people avoid doing what they should do
Motivation
According to Herzberg, which motivational factor would likely inspire an employee to work harder
Recognition
_________ needs are at the top of Maslow's hierarchy and involve reaching one's potential
Self-actualization
Why should managers be concerned with the study of human relations? * Positive interpersonal relationships among employees are related to high morale and motivation in the workplace. * Strict control systems are associated with improved worker productivity. * Effectively motivating employees keeps them engaged in their work. * Motivated employees achieve organizational objectives efficiently and effectively.
* Positive interpersonal relationships among employees are related to high morale and motivation in the workplace. * Effectively motivating employees keeps them engaged in their work. * Motivated employees achieve organizational objectives efficiently and effectively.
Which motivation theory suggests that money is the sole motivator for workers
The classical theory
The use of financial incentives to improve productivity is most closely related to which theory of motivation
The classical theory of motivation
How would a manager subscribing to Theory Z manage his or her employees
The management style would be participative; managers and workers share responsibilities
What is an example of security need
The need for health insurance
McGregor constructed two views of management--the traditional view, which he called _______, and a humanistic view, which he called _______
Theory X; Theory Y
McGregor's humanistic view of management whereby it is assumed that workers like to work and that under proper conditions employees will seek out responsibility in an attempt to satisfy their social, esteem, and self-actualization needs is known as ______.
Theory Y
_____ is a management philosophy that emphasizes employee participation in all aspects of company decision making
Theory Z
The initial result of the Hawthorne studies demonstrated that no matter what the levels of light and noise were, worker productivity increased simply because the workers liked the attention they received by being part of a study
True
According to equity theory, in order to restore equity or fairness of a work situation, a worker may try what two things? * Try to increase the outputs of coworkers * Try to increase his or her own inputs * Try to have the inputs of coworkers increased * Try to increase his or her own outputs
Try to have the inputs of coworkers increased Try to increase his or her own outputs
The Hawthorne studies are considered major studies because they led to ______
a concern for human relations in the workplace
A Theory Y manager would most likely ______.
allow employees to make decisions
In the workplace, what condition most relates to esteem needs
competition
An employee who feels emotional involvement and commitment to their work is said to be ______
engaged
Herzberg's motivational factors relate to which levels of Maslow's hierarchy
esteem and self actualization
Managers who strive to understand how to boost workplace morale, maximize productivity, and motivate employees to be more effective are concerned with the study of ______
human relations
The study of the behavior of individuals and groups in organizational settings is referred to as _____.
human relations
After working for months to learn how to use a drill press, Taryn finally mastered the use of the tool. She is pleased that her hard work paid off. This is an example of a(n) ______ reward
intrinsic
The personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals refers to a(n) ______ reward
intrinsic
An employee's attitude toward his or her job, employer, and colleagues is referred to as that employee's ______
morale
Recognition, involvement, appreciation, adequate compensation, a pleasant work environment, and a positive organizational culture all contribute to positive ____ in the workplace
morale
An inner drive that causes humans to act, whether it is eating to reduce hunger or studying for an exam to get a good grade is referred to as ______
motivation
An assumption about people made by a Theory Y manager is that people ______
naturally like to work
Water, food, shelter, and clothing are essential for life and are considered _____ needs by Maslow
physiological
The initial results of the Hawthorne studies found that ______
productivity increased regardless of the physical conditions
Esteem needs are related to _____
respect
B.F. Skinner, a psychologist who developed behavior modification, theory found that behavior that is ______ will tend to be increased, whereas behavior that is ______ will tend to be eliminated
rewarded; punished
A person's desire to be accepted by others is a reflection of their _____ needs
social
Herzberg's hygiene factors relate to
the work setting
According to Maslow, the difference between satisfied and unsatisfied needs is that ______
unsatisfied needs continue to motivate
Which researcher studied motivation specifically related to the workplace and determined that a variety of hygiene and motivational factors impact worker motivation
Herzberg
What are three organizational outcomes of high morale? * High rates of absenteeism * High levels of productivity * High returns to stakeholders * High employee turnover * High employee loyalty
High levels of productivity High returns to stakeholders High employee loyalty
The Hawthorne studies gave birth to which movement in organizations
Human relations
Which area of the organizational environment seeks to understand what motivates employees to perform on the job
Human relations
What is an example of an extrinsic reward
Pay increase
What are two assumptions about people made by Theory X managers? * People want responsibility at work. * People enjoy work for its own sake. * People must be forced to work. * People prefer to avoid work.
People must be forced to work. People prefer to avoid work.
Which three examples demonstrate an intrinsic reward? * Receiving a certificate of achievement * Personal satisfaction * Receiving praise from a co-worker on a job well done * Feeling that your work contributes to society * Feeling that your work contributes to the company
Personal satisfaction Feeling that your work contributes to society Feeling that your work contributes to the company
According to Maslow, which need level refers to things essential to survival, such as water, food, and shelter
Physiological needs
_______ unacceptable behavior may provide quick results but may lead to undesirable long-term side effects, such as employee dissatisfaction and increased turnover
Punishing
Employees are motivated by the nature of the relationships they have with their supervisors, by the nature of their jobs, and by the characteristics of the organization
True
Feelings of pay inequity in the workplace may lead to unethical behavior
True
Viewing employees as people who like to work is considered the viewpoint of a Theory ______ manager
Y
Benefits and/or recognition that you receive from someone else such as a bonus or award certificate is a(n) ______ reward
extrinsic
Greg's team was given the task of updating the company's invoice and billing system. They completed the project ahead of schedule and came in way under budget. As a result, everyone on the team received a bonus. This is an example of a(n) ______ reward
extrinsic
Something given to you by someone else in recognition of good work is referred to as a(n) ______
extrinsic reward
In equity theory, a worker's contribution to the organization is referred to as his or her _______, while rewards offered by the organization are referred to as _______
inputs; outputs
One tool managers can use to foster employee loyalty and boost productivity is ______
motivation
Due, in part, to the classical theory of motivation, more and more corporations are tying _____ to performance in order to motivate employees
pay
An assumption made by a Theory X manager about people is that ______
people have little ambition
Time and motion studies conducted by Frederick Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth in the early 20th century focused on how workers perform specific work tasks in an effort to improve ________
productivity
The need to protect yourself from physical and economic harm fits the _____ need category, according to Maslow
security
A ________ person feels that she or he is living life to its fullest in every way
self-actualized
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, to fulfill _______ needs, a person may try to make friends with a coworker, join a group, volunteer at a hospital, and/or throw a party
social
Joining a group, volunteering, or throwing a party are all ways an individual might satisfy their ____ needs
social