Ch. 9

Today's standard product from many large commercial distilleries is ___________. A. 95 percent pure ethyl alcohol B. 20 percent pure ethyl alcohol C. 40 percent pure ethyl alcohol D. 90 percent pure ethyl alcohol

A. 95 percent pure ethyl alcohol

In the context of alcohol's mechanism of action, identify an effect of alcohol on gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. A. Alcohol enhances the inhibitory effects of GABA at the GABA-A receptor. B. Only opioid drugs can enhance the effect of alcohol on GABA C. Alcohol's effects on GABA are different from that of barbiturates D. Only high doses of alcohol have an effect on GABA

A. Alcohol enhances the inhibitory effects of GABA at the GABA-A receptor

______ is a serious disease caused by prolonged alcohol intake that includes inflammation and impairment of liver function. A. Alcoholic hepatitis B. Bulimia nervosa C. Anorexia nervosa D. Alcoholic dementia

A. Alcoholic hepatitis

Generalized loss of brain tissue that results from direct alcohol toxicity is associated with alcoholic _______, which is a global decline of intellect. A. cirrhosis B. dementia C. hepatitis D. myopathy

B. dementia

Typical distilled beverages sold commercially with an alcohol content ranging between 40 percent and 50 percent is _____ proof. Multiple choice question. A. 30 to 40 B. 40 to 50 C. 60 to 80 D. 80 to 100

D. 80 to 100

The largest selling imported beer in the United States is _______________, from Mexico. A. Heineken B. SABMiller C. Carlsberg D. Corona

D. Corona

_______ forms the basis for all alcoholic beverages. A. Condensation B. Sedimentation C. Distillation D. Fermentation

D. Fermentation

What happens when heavy alcohol use stops and the alcohol has disappeared from the body of a person who has been drinking alcohol heavily over a prolonged period? A. The activity of metabolic enzymes stops immediately B. Metabolic enzymes stop metabolizing other drugs C. Other drugs are metabolized more slowly during this time D. High activity of the metabolic enzymes continues for four to eight weeks

D. High activity of the metabolic enzymes continues for four to eight weeks

True or false: Organized crime became less profitable as a result of Prohibition. True false question. True False

False

True or false: The culture of extreme drinking necessarily correlates well with overall alcohol consumption. True false question. True False

False

Canadian and Scotch whiskeys are made ________. A. only from lager beer B. from about two-thirds straight whisky and one-third grain neutral spirits C. from about nine-tenths wine and one-tenth blended whisky D. only from red wine

B. from about two-thirds straight whisky and one-third grain neutral spirits

Through the writings indicating a negative view of alcohol, Benjamin Rush _________. A. suggested that hard liquor does not damage a drinker's morality. B. introduced the concept of addiction to a psychoactive substance. C. considered alcohol addiction a symptom rather than a disease. D. aimed at weaker beverages such as beer and wine ignoring the stronger ones.

B. introduced the concept of addiction to a psychoactive substance.

Removal of yeast from bottled or canned American beer is usually accomplished by __________. A. fermentation B. pasteurization C. distillation D. sedimentation

B. pasteurization

Lia is a lean woman weighing 180 pounds. Her friend Melissa also weighs 180 pounds, but Melissa has a higher percentage of body fat. On one occasion, they drank the same amount of alcohol. In the context of the distribution of alcohol in the body, identify a true statement about the blood alcohol concentration, or BAC, found in Lia and Melissa. Multiple choice question. Lia will have a lower BAC than Melissa. Lia will have a higher BAC than Melissa. Lia and Melissa will have equal, high BAC. Lia and Melissa will have equal, low BAC.

Lia will have a lower BAC than Melissa.

Identify a true statement about Scotch and Canadian whiskys. Multiple choice question. They have heavier taste compared to American whiskeys. American drinkers were exposed to these liquors before World War I. They are darker in color compared to American whiskeys. Prohibition introduced these liquors to American drinkers.

Prohibition introduced these liquors to American drinkers

What happens when enough brandy is added to a newly fermented wine? Multiple choice question. The wine will turn into methanol. The wine's sweetness will increase. The wine's fermentation will not stop. The wine will not spoil.

The wine will not spoil

Identify a true statement about grain neutral spirits, which contain relatively pure alcohol. Multiple choice question. They are characterized by their sweetness. They have a mild, unnoticeable alcohol taste. They have a milky white color. They are essentially tasteless.

They are essentially tasteless

It has been suggested that the accumulation of _____, which is quite toxic even in small quantities, contributes to the nausea and headache during a hangover due to alcohol consumption. Multiple choice question. methanol carbon monoxide acetaldehyde methyl alcohol

acetaldehyde

The liver responds to chronic intake of alcohol by increasing the _____. Multiple choice question. production of antidiuretic hormone activity of gastric juices production of testosterone activity of metabolic enzymes

activity of metabolic enzymes

The major factor determining the rate of alcohol metabolism is the _____. Multiple choice question. acetone content in the alcohol activity of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase activity of the stomach enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase water content in the alcohol

activity of the stomach enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase

delirium tremens

an alcohol withdrawal syndrome that includes hallucinations and tremors

detoxification

an early treatment stage, in which the body eliminates the alcohol or other substance

Cirrhosis

an irreversible, frequently deadly liver disorder associated with heavy alcohol use

During the process of fermentation, yeast recombines the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen of sugar into ethyl alcohol and _____. Multiple choice question. carbon dioxide carbon monoxide hydrogen chloride hydrogen peroxide

carbon dioxide

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

chronic mental impairments produced by heavy alcohol use over a long period of time

Giving alcohol to individuals in shock or extreme cold is not advisable because alcohol _____. Multiple choice question. reduces the functioning of metabolic enzymes in the stomach dilates the peripheral blood vessels in the central nervous system increases the output of the antidiuretic hormone in the brain inhibits the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

dilates the peripheral blood vessels in the central nervous system

fetal alcohol syndrome

facial and developmental abnormalities associated with the mother's alcohol use during pregnancy

Most patients with Wernicke's disease, an alcohol-related organic brain disease, also exhibit Korsakoff's psychosis that is characterized by an _____. Multiple choice question. inability to remember recent events or to learn new information inability to remember their identity increase in the production of thiamine increase in the production of neurotransmitters in the brain

inability to remember recent events or to learn new information

Prohibition

laws prohibiting all sales of alcoholic beverages in the United States from 1920 to 1933

Death resulting from acute alcohol intoxication usually is the result of respiratory failure when the _____. Multiple choice question. medulla is depressed stomach enzymes stop functioning liver enzymes stop functioning digestive system is depressed

medulla is depressed

congeners

other alcohols and oils contained in alcoholic beverages

The _____ is responsible for most absorption of alcohol in the body. Multiple choice question. liver small intestine large intestine larynx

small intestine

An effect of alcohol on hormonal systems is that it _____. Multiple choice question. blocks the release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla increases the output of the antidiuretic hormone suppresses the production of the male sex hormone testosterone inhibits the production of adrenal corticosteroids

suppresses the production of the male sex hormone testosterone

distillation

the evaporation and condensing of alcohol vapors to produce beverages with higher alcohol content

temperance

the idea that people should drink beer or wine in moderation but drink no hard liquor

fermentation

the production of alcohol from sugars through the action of yeast

Identify a true statement about the distillation process to obtain alcohol A. It refers to the production of alcohol from sugars through the action of yeast. B. In this process, barley is steeped in water and allowed to sprout C. There is a higher percentage of alcohol in the distillate than there was in the original solution. D. It results in alcohol concentrations below 15 percent.

C.There is a higher percentage of alcohol in the distillate than there was in the original solution

In the United States, the minimum age to purchase alcoholic beverages was set at ______ in all states except New York and Louisiana before 1970. A. 18 B. 17 C. 16 D. 21

D. 21

Ale Lager

-Slightly warm temperatures are used in the manufacture -Cool temperatures are used in the manufacture

Arrange the steps involved in the production of light beers in the correct order of occurrence.

1. Mash of barley malt and other cereal grains is fermented a cooler temperature for a longer time 2. Alcohol content is adjusted by adding water 3. A beverage with considerably less sugar and only a bit less alcohol is produced

Arrange the stages of the abstinence syndrome that develops after ceasing alcohol use in the correct order of occurence.

1. Tremors 2. Hallucinations 3. Delusions 4. Seizure activity

In the context of alcohol's mechanism of action, identify a disadvantage of using alcohol as an anesthetic. Multiple choice question. It stimulates the central nervous system. It tends to increase the effects of other drugs. It tends to decrease levels of high-density lipoproteins. It has a long duration of action that cannot be controlled.

It has a long duration of action that cannot be controlled.

It was discovered many years ago in Spain that if enough ____________ is added to a newly fermented wine the fermentation will stop. A. whiskey B. rum C. gin D. brandy

D. brandy

An alcohol withdrawal syndrome that includes hallucinations and tremors is known as _________. A. alcoholic cardiomyopathy B. alcoholic hepatitis C. integrative agnosia D. delirium tremens

D. delirium tremens

Identify the consequences of a significant tax increase on alcoholic beverages by Congress in 1991. A. Beer tax doubled to $18 per barrel. B. Domestic wine sales increased almost 11 percent. C. Tax on bottled wine increased sixfold to about 22 cents per bottle D. Tax on distilled spirits reduced to $10 per gallon of 100-proof liquor.

A. Beer tax doubled to $18 per barrel C. Tax on bottles wine increased sixfold to about 22 cents per bottle

Identify a consequence of alcohol-related cirrhosis of the liver. A. Decreased ability of the liver to function B. Low risk of infection in the liver C. High blood flow in the liver D. Increased production of antidiuretic hormone

A. Decreased ability of the liver to function

Identify the diseases associated with immune deficits seen in chronic alcohol abusers. A. Pneumonia B. Arthritis C. Tuberculosis D. Diabetes E. Cholera

A. Pneumonia C. Tuberculosis E. Cholera

Identify a result of Prohibition at the beginning. A. Sharp decline in hospital admissions for alcohol dependence B. Increase in deaths from alcohol C. Sharp decline in illegal buying and selling of alcohol D. Increase in the number of rehabilitation centers

A. Sharp decline in hospital admissions for alcohol dependence

Identify a true statement about French champagnes. A. They are naturally carbonated sparkling wines B. They are made by injecting carbon dioxide into generic wines C. They contain 40 percent or more alcohol content D. They are inexpensive sparkling wines

A. They are naturally carbonated sparkling wines

Malt helps the in the production of alcoholic beverages by ____________. A. converting the starch in cereal grains into sugar B. producing a higher alcohol content in the final product C. slowing down the action of the yeast on the sugar D. enabling a long fermentation time

A. converting the starch in cereal grains into sugar

Alcohol dilates the peripheral blood vessels in the central nervous system, and this ________. A. increases heat loss from a drinker's body B. makes a drinker feel cold C. increases the speed of all biochemical processes D. makes a drinker feel energetic

A. increases heat loss from a drinker's body

Alcohol taken with or after a meal is absorbed more slowly because the ___________. A. protein in the food retains the alcohol with it in the stomach B. protein content in the food is reduced by the alcohol present in the stomach C. food is quickly excreted from the body D. food gets digested quickly in the stomach

A. protein in the food retains the alcohol with it in the stomach

According to comparative statistics based on reported sales, _______ leads the list for beer consumption. A. the Czech Republic B. the United Kingdom C. Finland D. Sweden

A. the Czech Republic

Which of the following is a negative consequence of Prohibition? A. Increase in total federal tax revenues B. Buying and selling of alcohol illegally C. Closing of breweries and distilleries D. Decrease in the legal age for purchase of alcohol

B. Buying and selling of alcohol illegally

Identify the personality factors that describe an alcoholic personality. A. Independent B. Depressed C. Impulsive D. Passive E. Conscientious

B. Depressed C. Impulsive D. Passive

Identify a true statement about fatty liver, which is a condition caused by alcohol. A. The condition is usually irreversible and incurable B. Fatty acid droplets increase in size until they rupture the cell membrane, causing death of the liver cells. C. Fatty acid accumulates in the kidneys after being released as small droplets from liver cells. D. The liver uses the fatty acids for energy even if alcohol is present.

B. Fatty acid droplets increase in size until they rupture the cell membrane, causing death of the liver cells.

Identify a true statement about gin. A. It has an alcohol content of 5 percent. B. It was one of the first beverages to be made from straight grain neutral spirits. C. It is produced from zinfandel grapes. D. It is made by adding a small amount of sugar to wine and fermenting the wine.

B. It was one of the first beverages to be made from straight grain neutral spirits.

Identify a true statement about the Association Against Prohibition, which was formed in 1926. A. It encouraged a sense of lawfulness in the society. B. Its major hope was that income taxes could be reduced. C. It was founded by a small group of America's lower middle-class women. D. Its primary concern was the health problems caused due to alcohol consumption.

B. Its major hope was that income taxes could be reduced.

Identify a true statement about the behavioral effects of blood alcohol concentration, or BAC. A. There is an improvement in motor coordination at a high BAC B. The rate at which BAC rises is a factor in determining behavioral effects of a person C. There are significant personality changes at a low BAC D. The more rapid the increase in the rates of BAC, the lesser a person's behavioral effects.

B. The rate at which BAC rises is a factor in determining behavioral effects of a person

In the primary metabolic system, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase converts alcohol to ________. A. benzaldehyde B. acetaldehyde C. formaldehyde D. butyraidehyde

B. acetaldehyde

An action of alcohol on the brain is to decrease the output of the ________ responsible for retaining fluid in the body. A. estrogen B. antidiuretic hormone C. growth hormone D. oxytocin

B. antidiuretic hormone

Ryan, a 20-year-old university student, attended a college party. He and his friends drank a lot of alcohol at the party. One of Ryan's friends, John, was about to pass out after drinking alcohol. In this scenario, Ryan should __________. A. worry about helping out John as it can lead to troubles B. place John on his side so that any vomit is less likely to be aspirated C. leave John alone to sleep off the intoxication D. refrain from taking John to an emergency room

B. place John on his side so that any vomit is less likely to be aspirated

In terms of beneficial aspects of alcohol on the heart, there has been speculation that ______ might have better effects than other forms of alcohol due to the presence of antioxidants. A. vodka B. red wine C. lager beer D. whiskey

B. red wine

In the distillation process of whiskey, the distillate contains more congeners because __________, A. wheat malt is used in the process. B. whiskey is usually distilled at a lower proof. C. potatoes are often used in the preparation. D. the distillate contains contaminants

B. whiskey is usually distilled at a lower proof

In 2000, the U.S. Congress passed legislation requiring states to reduce the blood alcohol concentration for driving under the influence, or DUI, conviction from 0.10 to _________. A. 0.02 B. 0.03 C. 0.08 D. 0.05

C. 0.08

Identify a symptom of Wernicke's disease, which is an alcohol-related organic brain disease. A. Obesity B. Wakefulness C. Ataxia D. Hypersomnia

C. Ataxia

Identify a finding of surveys that studied the influence of alcohol on sexual behavior. A. Alcohol increases penile tumescence in men even at fairly low doses. B. There is no correlation between people's ratings of feeling intoxicated and their self-reported arousal. C. People are more likely to have sex on a date when they drink alcohol on that date. D. Both men and women report less willingness to engage in unprotected sex under the influence of alcohol.

C. People are more likely to have sex on a date when they drink alcohol on that date.

Which of the following statements is true of liqueurs, or cordials? A. They contain more alcohol than vodka or whiskey. B. They contain only a small amount of sugar. C. They are usually consumed in small amounts. D. They are undiluted and flavored with artificial flavorings.

C. They are usually consumed in small amounts

In the context of alcohol distribution in the body, women might be more susceptible to the effects of alcohol because __________. A. acetylcholine receptors are not present in men B. the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase is more active in women than in men C. the stomach enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase is more active in men than in women D. serotonin receptors are not present in women

C. the stomach enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase is more active in men than in women

Identify a true statement about the studies on twins about alcohol dependence. A. The studies were only based on monozygotic twins B. The studies were only based on dizygotic twins C. It concluded that children of alcohol abusers will become alcohol dependent D. It concluded that some degree of vulnerability to alcohol dependence might be inherited

D. It concluded that some degree of vulnerability to alcohol dependence might be inherited

Identify a hormone-related disorder in men that is associated with chronic alcohol abuse. A. Diabetes mellitus B. Prostate cancer C. Renal failure D. Testicular atrophy

D. Testicular atrophy

The disease model of alcohol dependence suggests that __________. A. alcohol dependence is a secondary disease that is not of serious concern B. excessive drinking is only a symptom of some other underlying pathology C. hereditary factors are the primary cause for alcohol dependence D. alcohol dependence is a progressive disease characterized by a loss of control over drinking

D. alcohol dependence is a progressive disease characterized by a loss of control over drinking

In the context of the disease model of alcohol dependence, a consequence of defining alcohol dependence as a primary disease is that ________. A. personality disorders should be no longer linked to drinking problems B. excessive drinking should be treated as a symptom of underlying pathology C. prevention need not be directed toward alcohol abuse D. drinking itself should be recognized as a problem

D. drinking itself should be recognized as a problem

Nausea and upset stomach are symptoms of a hangover due to alcohol consumption because alcohol _________. A. in an anesthetic agent B. reduces the platelet count in blood C. reduces dopamine activity in the brain D. is a gastric irritant

D. is a gastric irritant

The safety margin of the surgical anesthesia level and the minimum lethal level of alcohol is ______ percent blood alcohol. A. less that 0.01 B. more than 0.3 C. more than 0.5 D. less than 0.1

D. less than 0.1

proof

a measure of a beverage's alcohol content; twice the alcohol percentage

blood alcohol concentration

a measure of the concentration of alcohol in the blood, expressed in grams per 100 ml.

After Congress initiated a significant tax increase on alcoholic beverages in 1991, the total increase in cost to the consumer resulted in _____. Multiple choice question. about a 2 percent decrease in sales of beer and liquor during the first half of the year a decrease in the prices of brewed beverages such as beer and wine about a 9 percent increase in domestic wine sales a decrease in the prices of imported alcoholic beverages such as French champagnes

about a 2 percent decrease in sales of beer and liquor during the first half of the year