Ch.1

Difference between health promotion and education

Education is VOLUNTARY. Health Promotion is PLANNED

ownership

Responsibilty for the program. not present if there isn't any participation

Health education is...

an emerging profession

health education specialist

requires education and training

years of potential life lost

"YPLL" measure of premature mortality. Calculated by subtracting a persons age at death from 75 years

rates can be expressed in three forms

1) Crude 2) Adjusted 3) Specific

specific steps taken to develop a health education/ promotion program

1. Assessing the needs of the priority population 2. Setting goals and objectives 3.developing an intervention that considers peculiarities of the setting 4. implementing the intervention 5. evaluating the results

Types of Health surveys

1. National Health Interview Survey (telephone) 2. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (mobile) 3. National Health Care Surveys ( answer key questions about health care providers) 4. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 5. National College Health Assessment (only one not conducted by the government)

Four major categories of prevention

1. biological- center around life span 2. technological- technology has not been able to eradicate AIDS/ Malaria 3. ethical- helmets in cars? 4. economic- amount of money put into it.

terms that describe magnitude of a rate of some event, disease, or condition in a unit population

1. endemic 2. epidemic 3. pandemic

5 Determinants of Health

1. gestational Endowment (Genetic Makeup) 2. Social circumstances (education, socioeconomic status, housing, crime) 3. Environmental conditions ( toxic agents, natural and human made hazards) 4. Health Behavior (Diet and physical activity) 5. Access to quality of medical care

4 modifiable health risks

1. lack of exercise 2. poor nutrition 3. tobacco use 4. alcohol consumption

Health Promotion in US began to become super important around what era

1974

what percent of deaths in US are caused by modified behavior patterns

40%

Lifestyle

Aggregation of decisions by individuals which affect their health and they have control over

what represents the single most prominent domain of the influence over health

Behavior patters

Disability Adjusted Life Years

DALYs WHO and World Bank developed this. One DALY= one year lost of a healthy life due to being in states of poor health or disability

Health

Dynamic state of complete mental, physical, and social well being. The ability to change or cope with the environment

Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy

HALE used by WHO and is based on the disability and LIFE EXPECTANCY rather than mortality. It's the number of years of a healthy life expected on average in a given population

Health Related Quality of Life

HRQOL perceived physical and mental health overtime. ex. can be used to measure the effects of chronic disease in their patients to better understand how a disease interferes with a persons quality of life.

Quality of life is usually improved when _____ is also improved

Health status

Community Health

Health status of defined group and actions and conditions to protect and improve the health of the communitY

Now the US Department for Health and Human Services uses what to set health objectives

Healthy People 2020

Secondary Prevention

Includes the preventative measure that lead to an early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease or injury. EX-- clinical screenings and exams for BP, Breast self Exams, and Testicle Self exams

What does health measure?

Mental health spiritual health social health physical health

First set of health objectives in document form

Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Objectives for a Nation

Public Health

Protect and increase health of communities through education/promotion of health lifestyles and research for disease and injury prevention

The higher the presence of injury, disease, and death indicators....

The lower the level of health (and vice versa)

profession

a calling requiring specialized knowledge and often long intensive academic preparation

discipline

a field of study

epidemic

an unexpected large number of cases

wellness

balances many aspects of health by increasing the adoption of health enhancing conditions and behaviors rather than minimizing conditions of illness.

live expectancy

based on mortality. Average number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age (at birth, age 65, and age 75)

Socio-ecological approach

behavior has multiple levels of influences. This emphasizes the interdependence of factors within and across all levels of a health problem. People live in different political, environmental, and cultural environments that shape their behaviors and access to resources for maintaining good health

Health Field

broad term and includes all matters that affect health

noncommunicable

cannot be transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person

modifiable

changeable ro controllable

Primary Prevention

comprises those preventive measures that forestall the onset of an illness or injury during the PREpathogensis period. EX- wearing a seat belt, using rubber gloves, exercising etc...

Health Surveys

data collected by surveys conducted by governmental agencies or other means in which health or health stays can be measured in the US

important rates are...

death rates, birth rates, and morbidity rates

Disease Prevention

decrease risks and alleviating disease to increase health, preserve health, and restore health. Decreasing suffering

Health Disparity

difference in Health between populations often caused by two health inequalities----lack of access to care and lack of quality of care.

Health education fits between what two terms

discipline and a profession

communicable diseases

diseases for which biological agents or their products are the cause and that are transmissible from one individual to another

Health promotion

educational, political, environmental, regulatory, or organized mechanism that support actions and conditions of living a healthy life.

adjusted

expressed for a total population, but is statistically adjust for certain characteristics like age

epidemiological data

gathered at local, star, and national levels to assist with the prevention of disease outbreaks or control those in progress, and to plan and assess health education/promotion programs

mediating

getting in between two people who have a problem and trying to solve it.

global health

health issues across national boundaries best addressed by cooperative action

Population health

health status of people not organized or don't have an identity. Promote, protect and preserve their health

enabling

help a group of people advocate for themselves. Social action process for people to gain mastery of their lives and the lives of their communities

The main goal of all service professions is to

improve the quality of life

Human Biology

includes all the aspects of health, both physical and mental, which are developed within the human body as a consequence of the basic biology of man

Environment

includes all the matters external to the human body which an individual has little or no control over

Evidence

is the data that can be used to make decisions about planning

cultural competence

means the ability to understand and respect values, attitudes, believes, and meals that differ across cultures.

rates

measure of some event, disease, or condition in relation to a unbid of population, along with some specification of time

chain of infection

model used to explain the spread of communicable disease form one host to another. Individuals can break the chain..

How do we measure health?

mortality, morbidity, life expectance, infant mortality.

death rates

most commonly used... the number of deaths per 100,00 residents

non modifiable

nonchangeable or nboncontrollable. EX. factors such as age, sex, and inherited genes

multicausational disease model

not caused by a single factor, but by combined factors

endemic

occurs regularly in a population as a matter of course

pandemic

outbreak over a wide, geographical region... like a continent

Health Promotion..

plan what you are going to do., Process that enable people to improve health..

Prevention

planning for and the measures taken to forestall the onset of a disease or other health problems before the occurrence of undesirable health events

communicable disease model

presents the elements of agents-hosts-envirnoment. Summarize the minimal requirements for the spread of communicable disease.

leading cause of death

primary pathophysical conditions identified at the time of death as opposed to the root causes

Health Education

provide individuals, groups, or the community with information and skills needed to make quality health decisions

Health Care Organization

quality, quantity, nature, arrangement, and relationships of people and resources in the provision of health care. Often referred to as the Health Care System.

Crude

rate expressed for a total population

specific

rate for a particular population subgroup such as for a particular disease or age of people

participation

refers to the active involvement of those in the priority population in helping identify, plan, and implement programs to address the health problems they face.

Coordinated school health programs

set of policies, procedures, and activities to promote, protect, and improve the health of students and staff (counseling, school lunched, PE, safe schools)

Health behavior

something that a person does to improve their health status.

Advocacy

speaking out for someone who doesn't have a voice. The processes by which the actions of individuals or groups attempt to bring about social and or organizational change on behalf of a particular health goal, program, interest, or population

epidemiology

study of the distribution and determinants of health-relkated states, or events in specific populations, and the applications of this study to control health problems

Health Field Concept

the health field is divided into four elements. 1. human biology 2. Environment 3. lifestyle 4. Health care organization

Risk factors

those inheritable, environmental, and behavioral influences which are known to increase the likelihood of physical or mental problems.

Tertiary Prevention

to retain, reeducate, and rehabilitate the individual who has already incurred disability, impairment, or dependency. Ex. educating a patient after lung cancer surgery or working with an individual who has diabetes to ensure that their insulin injections are taken

evidence based practice

when health education specialists practice in such a way that they systematically find, appraise, and use evidence as the basis for decision- making when planning health education/promotion programs