Ch.1
Difference between health promotion and education
Education is VOLUNTARY. Health Promotion is PLANNED
ownership
Responsibilty for the program. not present if there isn't any participation
Health education is...
an emerging profession
health education specialist
requires education and training
years of potential life lost
"YPLL" measure of premature mortality. Calculated by subtracting a persons age at death from 75 years
rates can be expressed in three forms
1) Crude 2) Adjusted 3) Specific
specific steps taken to develop a health education/ promotion program
1. Assessing the needs of the priority population 2. Setting goals and objectives 3.developing an intervention that considers peculiarities of the setting 4. implementing the intervention 5. evaluating the results
Types of Health surveys
1. National Health Interview Survey (telephone) 2. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (mobile) 3. National Health Care Surveys ( answer key questions about health care providers) 4. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 5. National College Health Assessment (only one not conducted by the government)
Four major categories of prevention
1. biological- center around life span 2. technological- technology has not been able to eradicate AIDS/ Malaria 3. ethical- helmets in cars? 4. economic- amount of money put into it.
terms that describe magnitude of a rate of some event, disease, or condition in a unit population
1. endemic 2. epidemic 3. pandemic
5 Determinants of Health
1. gestational Endowment (Genetic Makeup) 2. Social circumstances (education, socioeconomic status, housing, crime) 3. Environmental conditions ( toxic agents, natural and human made hazards) 4. Health Behavior (Diet and physical activity) 5. Access to quality of medical care
4 modifiable health risks
1. lack of exercise 2. poor nutrition 3. tobacco use 4. alcohol consumption
Health Promotion in US began to become super important around what era
1974
what percent of deaths in US are caused by modified behavior patterns
40%
Lifestyle
Aggregation of decisions by individuals which affect their health and they have control over
what represents the single most prominent domain of the influence over health
Behavior patters
Disability Adjusted Life Years
DALYs WHO and World Bank developed this. One DALY= one year lost of a healthy life due to being in states of poor health or disability
Health
Dynamic state of complete mental, physical, and social well being. The ability to change or cope with the environment
Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy
HALE used by WHO and is based on the disability and LIFE EXPECTANCY rather than mortality. It's the number of years of a healthy life expected on average in a given population
Health Related Quality of Life
HRQOL perceived physical and mental health overtime. ex. can be used to measure the effects of chronic disease in their patients to better understand how a disease interferes with a persons quality of life.
Quality of life is usually improved when _____ is also improved
Health status
Community Health
Health status of defined group and actions and conditions to protect and improve the health of the communitY
Now the US Department for Health and Human Services uses what to set health objectives
Healthy People 2020
Secondary Prevention
Includes the preventative measure that lead to an early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease or injury. EX-- clinical screenings and exams for BP, Breast self Exams, and Testicle Self exams
What does health measure?
Mental health spiritual health social health physical health
First set of health objectives in document form
Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Objectives for a Nation
Public Health
Protect and increase health of communities through education/promotion of health lifestyles and research for disease and injury prevention
The higher the presence of injury, disease, and death indicators....
The lower the level of health (and vice versa)
profession
a calling requiring specialized knowledge and often long intensive academic preparation
discipline
a field of study
epidemic
an unexpected large number of cases
wellness
balances many aspects of health by increasing the adoption of health enhancing conditions and behaviors rather than minimizing conditions of illness.
live expectancy
based on mortality. Average number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age (at birth, age 65, and age 75)
Socio-ecological approach
behavior has multiple levels of influences. This emphasizes the interdependence of factors within and across all levels of a health problem. People live in different political, environmental, and cultural environments that shape their behaviors and access to resources for maintaining good health
Health Field
broad term and includes all matters that affect health
noncommunicable
cannot be transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person
modifiable
changeable ro controllable
Primary Prevention
comprises those preventive measures that forestall the onset of an illness or injury during the PREpathogensis period. EX- wearing a seat belt, using rubber gloves, exercising etc...
Health Surveys
data collected by surveys conducted by governmental agencies or other means in which health or health stays can be measured in the US
important rates are...
death rates, birth rates, and morbidity rates
Disease Prevention
decrease risks and alleviating disease to increase health, preserve health, and restore health. Decreasing suffering
Health Disparity
difference in Health between populations often caused by two health inequalities----lack of access to care and lack of quality of care.
Health education fits between what two terms
discipline and a profession
communicable diseases
diseases for which biological agents or their products are the cause and that are transmissible from one individual to another
Health promotion
educational, political, environmental, regulatory, or organized mechanism that support actions and conditions of living a healthy life.
adjusted
expressed for a total population, but is statistically adjust for certain characteristics like age
epidemiological data
gathered at local, star, and national levels to assist with the prevention of disease outbreaks or control those in progress, and to plan and assess health education/promotion programs
mediating
getting in between two people who have a problem and trying to solve it.
global health
health issues across national boundaries best addressed by cooperative action
Population health
health status of people not organized or don't have an identity. Promote, protect and preserve their health
enabling
help a group of people advocate for themselves. Social action process for people to gain mastery of their lives and the lives of their communities
The main goal of all service professions is to
improve the quality of life
Human Biology
includes all the aspects of health, both physical and mental, which are developed within the human body as a consequence of the basic biology of man
Environment
includes all the matters external to the human body which an individual has little or no control over
Evidence
is the data that can be used to make decisions about planning
cultural competence
means the ability to understand and respect values, attitudes, believes, and meals that differ across cultures.
rates
measure of some event, disease, or condition in relation to a unbid of population, along with some specification of time
chain of infection
model used to explain the spread of communicable disease form one host to another. Individuals can break the chain..
How do we measure health?
mortality, morbidity, life expectance, infant mortality.
death rates
most commonly used... the number of deaths per 100,00 residents
non modifiable
nonchangeable or nboncontrollable. EX. factors such as age, sex, and inherited genes
multicausational disease model
not caused by a single factor, but by combined factors
endemic
occurs regularly in a population as a matter of course
pandemic
outbreak over a wide, geographical region... like a continent
Health Promotion..
plan what you are going to do., Process that enable people to improve health..
Prevention
planning for and the measures taken to forestall the onset of a disease or other health problems before the occurrence of undesirable health events
communicable disease model
presents the elements of agents-hosts-envirnoment. Summarize the minimal requirements for the spread of communicable disease.
leading cause of death
primary pathophysical conditions identified at the time of death as opposed to the root causes
Health Education
provide individuals, groups, or the community with information and skills needed to make quality health decisions
Health Care Organization
quality, quantity, nature, arrangement, and relationships of people and resources in the provision of health care. Often referred to as the Health Care System.
Crude
rate expressed for a total population
specific
rate for a particular population subgroup such as for a particular disease or age of people
participation
refers to the active involvement of those in the priority population in helping identify, plan, and implement programs to address the health problems they face.
Coordinated school health programs
set of policies, procedures, and activities to promote, protect, and improve the health of students and staff (counseling, school lunched, PE, safe schools)
Health behavior
something that a person does to improve their health status.
Advocacy
speaking out for someone who doesn't have a voice. The processes by which the actions of individuals or groups attempt to bring about social and or organizational change on behalf of a particular health goal, program, interest, or population
epidemiology
study of the distribution and determinants of health-relkated states, or events in specific populations, and the applications of this study to control health problems
Health Field Concept
the health field is divided into four elements. 1. human biology 2. Environment 3. lifestyle 4. Health care organization
Risk factors
those inheritable, environmental, and behavioral influences which are known to increase the likelihood of physical or mental problems.
Tertiary Prevention
to retain, reeducate, and rehabilitate the individual who has already incurred disability, impairment, or dependency. Ex. educating a patient after lung cancer surgery or working with an individual who has diabetes to ensure that their insulin injections are taken
evidence based practice
when health education specialists practice in such a way that they systematically find, appraise, and use evidence as the basis for decision- making when planning health education/promotion programs