CH.1 Philosophy of Emotion

Who believed emotion is not an embarrassment but rather the very essence of human social existence and morality?

- Adam Smith - David Hume

The Stoics thought of emotions as...

- Conceptual errors - misguided judgments about life - likely to cause misery - thought emotions were all around bad

Nietzsche anticipated the global skepticism and conceptual chaos of the 20th century and he...

- Described passions as having more reason than reason - admired instinctual, human emotional drives and motivations - Respected human passion

Who is joining forces in order to obtain a more holistic theory of emotion?

- Psychologist - Neurologists - Anthropologists - Moral philosophers

In the Middle Ages, the study of emotion was most often associated with passions and desires that were in turn associated with...

- Sins and lust - Greed and envy - Anger and pride - Christianity thinking that thought emotions were negative and led to a misguided life (Stoics)

David Hume and Adam Smith felt strongly about "the moral sentiments" which argued...

- Sympathy is a universal feature of human nature - that emotion is to be celebrated and defended along with reason

Aristotles analysis of anger included...

- a distinctive cognitive component - a specified social context - a recognition of physical arousal - a behavioral tendency

How does the "master and slave" metaphor relate to reason and emotion?

- the wisdom of reason shuld be the master over untamed emotion - Emotion is moore primitive and dangerours and needs to b controlled by reason - Emotion is an inferior form o f disorted

The Stoics considered an alternative to emotion to be "psychic indifference" or what is more commonly today known as...

Apathy - feeling indifferent or lacking emotion

Who is credited with insisting nothing great is ever done without passion?

Emmanuel Kant

Most early philosophers used the term ______ when referring to various feeling, desires, sentiments, moods, attitudes, and inclinations.

Emotion

T/F: Aristotle believed emotions, though often useful, are not essential to a full life.

False

T/F: Nietzsche did not place much value on emotion relative to reason; he condemned the passions, describing them as upsetting and distracting one from proper thinking

False - Nietzsche respected and admired human passions and believed they could be more reasonable than reason

Solomon argues that virtually all emotions get expressed in one'" -

Feelings

T/F: Kant reinforced the crucial distinction between reason and what he called "the inclinations" (emotions mood and desires) and he dismissed emotions (including the moral sentiments) as inessential to morals.

True

T/F: Kant was against grounding ethics on something as fleeting as human feelings, and he believed "the inclinations" were to be dismissed as intrusive and disruptive.

True

Nietzsche declared that not all the passions are _____ and that some emotions drag us down with their stupidity.

Wise

According to Solomon, the Stoics believed that emotions...

are misguided judgments that make us miserable and frustrated and that the best life could be achieve by getting straight about the pointlessness of emotional attachments

More recent philosophers, at least during the 20th century have come to think of emotions as occupying a ________ in human existence, giving passion and emotions_______

central place; considerable respect

Hume asserted that ideas cause our emotional impressions and ideas are caused in turn by them. "Ideas" are now referred to as the ________ dimension of emotion.

cognitive

Aristotle discussed anger in some detail and he believed...

only fools don't get angry