Ch.1 Quiz (Cells)

(Q035) A. thaliana, or Arabidopsis, is a common weed. Biologists have selected it oterm-4ver hundreds of thousands of other flowering plant species to serve as an experimental model organism because __________________. (a) it can withstand extremely cold climates.(b) it can reproduce in 8-10 weeks.(c) it produces thousands of offspring per plant.(d) Both (b) and (c) are true.

(b) it can reproduce in 8-10 weeks.

(Q026) __________ are fairly small organelles that provide a safe place within the cell to carry out certain biochemical reactions that generate harmful, highly reactive oxygen species. These chemicals are both generated and broken down in the same location.(a) Nucleosomes(b) Lysosomes(c) Peroxisomes(d) Endosomes

(c) Peroxisomes

(Q038) Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are especially useful in the study of early development because their embryos ______________.(a) are exceptionally large.(b) develop slowly.(c) are transparent.(d) are pigmented.

(c) are transparent.

(Q029) Choose the phrase that best completes this sentence: Microtubules ____________ and are required to pull duplicated chromosomes to opposite poles of dividing cells.(a) generate contractile forces(b) are intermediate in thickness(c) can rapidly reorganize(d) are found in especially large numbers in muscle cells

(c) can rapidly reorganize

(Q030) Which pair of values best fills in the blanks in this statement: On average, eukaryotic cells are __________ times longer and have _________ times more volume than prokaryotic cells.(a) 5, 100(b) 10, 200(c) 10, 100(d) 10, 1000

(d) 10, 1000

(Q028) Despite the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, prokaryotes have proteins that are distantly related to eukaryotic actin filaments and microtubules. What is likely to be the most ancient function of the cytoskeleton? (a) cell motility(b) vesicle transport(c) membrane support(d) cell division

(d) cell division

(Q009) What unit of length would you generally use to measure a typical plant or animal cell? (a) centimeters (b) nanometers (c) millimeters (d) micrometers

(d) micrometers

(Q031) Cells that are specialized for the secretion of proteins are likely to have which of the following features? long bundles of actin/myosin proteins small volume of cytoplasm large population of mitochondria enlarged endoplasmic reticulum

enlarged endoplasmic reticulum

(Q013) Which three characteristics best support the rapid evolution of prokaryotic populations? microscopic, motile, anaerobic aerobic, motile, rapid growth no organelles, cell wall, can exchange DNA large population, rapid growth, can exchange DNA

large population, rapid growth, can exchange DNA

(Q015) The is made up of two concentric membranes and is continuous with the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. plasma membrane Golgi network mitochondrial membrane nuclear envelope

nuclear envelope

(Q002) The central dogma provides a framework for thinking about how genetic information is copied and used to produce structural and catalytic components of the cell. From the choices below select the order of biochemical processes that best correlates with the tenets of the central dogma. replication, transcription, translation replication, translation. transcription translation, transcription, replication translation, replication, transcription

replication, transcription, translation

(Q018) Mitochondria perform cellular respiration, a process that uses oxygen, generates carbon dioxide, and produces chemical energy for the cell. Which answer below indicates a correct pairing of the material "burned" and the form of energy produced during cellular respiration? fat. ADP 13 sugar fat sugar, ATP fat protein

sugar, ATP

(Q006) Select the option that BEST finishes the following statement: Evolution is a process that can be understood based on the principles of mutation and selection. that results from repeated cycles of adaptation over billions af vears. by which all present-day cells arose from 4-5 different ancestral cells that requires hundreds of thousands of years.

that can be understood based on the principles of mutation and selection.

(Q034) Which species was the key model organism for the advancement of molecular biology (understanding DNA replication, decoding DNA to make proteins, etc.)?

E. coli

(Q025) Eukaryotic cells are able to trigger the release of material from secretory vesicles to the extracellular space using a process called exocytosis. An example of materials commonly released this way is _____________. hormones. nucleic acids. sugars. cytosolic proteins.

Hormones

(Q001) Living systems are incredibly diverse in size, shape, environment, and behavior. It is estimated that there are between 10 million and 100 million different species. Despite this wide variety of organisms, it remains difficult to define what it means to say something is alive. Which of the following can be describad as the smallest living unit? DNA cellterm-19 organelle protein

cell

(Q023) Which of the following choices BEST describes the role of the lysosome? transport of material to the Golgi apparatus clean-up, recycling, and disposal of macromolecules sorting of transport vesicles the storage of excess macromolecules

clean-up, recycling, and disposal of macromolecules

(Q007) Select the option that correctly finishes the following statement: A cell's genome is defined as all the genes being used to make protein. contains all of a cell's DNA. constantly changes, depending upon the cell's environment. is altered during embryonic development.

contains all of a cell's DNA.

(Q036) Drosophila melanogaster is a/an __________. This type of animal is the most abundant of all animal species, making it an appropriate choice as an experimental model. (a) insect(b) bird(c) amphibian(d) mammal

(a) insect

(Q021) Chloroplasts are complex organelles present in all photosynthesizing eukaryotes. Three different membranes create chemically different environments inside the chloroplast. Precisely where are chlorophyll molecules localized in the chloroplast? in the first, outer membrane in the space between the first and second membranes in the second, inner membrane in the third, innermost membrane

in the third, innermost membrane