Ch10 & 13

Repeat exposure to sounds greater than _____ decibels can cause structural damage to the inner ear resulting in hearing loss or tinnitus.

85

Defensive spill spill control tactics that confine hazardous materials include

Absorption Blanketing/ covering Vapor suppression Adsorption Dam, Dike, Divert, Retain

What type of product control method is often used on shallow liquid spills?

Adsoprtion/Absorption

In which product control method do molecules of a liquid hazardous material physically adhere to the material?

Adsorption

What type of nozzle is best used for vapor suppression with a foam agent?

Air-aspirating

What type of respiratory protection is usually worn with a NFPA Class 3 PPE ensemble?

Air-purifying respirator (APR)

Which statement is accurate regarding decontamination of PPE?

All potentially contaminated PPE must be decontaminated immediately upon leaving the hazardous area.

If a flammable leaking liquid is alcohol based, what type of product can be used to control its vapors?

An alcohol-resistant foam agent

When would you choose a vapor protective, encapsulating suit worn with positive-pressure SCBA?

An incident involving extremely hazardous, corrosive, and/or toxic vapors or gasses

AFFF

Aqueous Film Forming Foam

The schedule for inspecting, testing, and maintaining PPE is ultimately determined by the:

Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).

High pressure tanks will typically have shut off devices _____ the drivers cab and _____

Behind On the drivers side rear corner

Where are emergency shutoff devices on cargo tank trucks usually located?

Behind the driver's side cab

Dispersion

Breaking up or dispersing a hazardous material that has spilled on a solid or liquid surface

Which National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) class of protection should be worn by responders when the highest level of respiratory protection is needed, but there is less need for skin protection?

Class 2

What product is often used for controlling vapors of flammable and combustible liquid spills?

Class B foams

What is an advantage of using a supplied-air respirator (SAR) compared to using self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) in a hazardous environment?

Continuous air supply through an air hose enables longer work periods.

Ventilation

Controlling the movement of air by natural or mechanical means

Responders don low-temperature protective clothing to prevent contact with what type of materials?

Cryogenic

Many flammable solids are metals that require a Class _____ fire extinguisher.

D

When is dilution frequently used at hazmat incidents?

Decontamination operations

What is a common limitation for any type of respiratory protection system?

Decreased ability to communicate

Operation level responders may perform leak control by activating _____ on transportation containers

Emergency shut off devices

What may responders also need to do during product control operations according to SOPs?

Fill out reports and supporting documentation

What type of protective clothing allows a responder to work in total-flame environments for short periods of time?

Fire-entry suit

In which situation would you most likely use the bank-down or backsplash method?

Fires contained in diked pools around storage tanks

Air-Aspirating Foam Nozzle

Foam nozzle designed to provide the aeration required to make the highest quality foam possible; most effective appliance for the generation of low-expansion foam

Class B foam

For flammable and combustible liquids

Class A foam

For ordinary combustibles

Who performs most offensive leak-control tactics?

Hazardous materials technicians and specialists

Which heat-related disorder is the most serious to a responder's health?

Heat stroke

Why should supplied-air respirators (SARs) NOT be used in fire fighting operations?

Heat, fire, or debris can damage the SAR airline

What is a limitation of vapor-protective suits?

Impairs mobility, vision, and communication

Who determines the PPE needed to enter the hot zone?

Incident Commander

Why is respiratory protection a vital part of any PPE ensemble?

Inhalation is the most significant route of entry for hazardous materials.

What is the last item that should be removed while doffing PPE?

Inner gloves

What type of container indicates an emergency shutoff device with a metal cable running down one side of the frame rail of the container or from the liquid valve to a fixed point away from the container?

Intermodal container

Which statement regarding structural fire fighting clothing is accurate?

It is neither corrosive-resistant nor vapor-tight due to gaps that occur at the neck, wrists, waist, and where the pants and boots overlap.

What is a class B foam?

It provides rapid extinguishment, burn-back resistance, and protection against vapor release, which help to prevent re-ignition

How will a responder entering the hot zone know escape routes or areas of refuge?

It will be discussed by the Safety Officer during the safety briefing.

Where will you find the emergency shutoff device for high pressure tanks (MC-331)?

Left-front corner of the tank (behind the driver)

What is the goal of the product control method of neutralization?

Minimize the amount of harm the product can cause upon contact

How does wearing PPE increase the risk of heat-related illness?

Most PPE inhibits a body's ability to disperse heat and moisture.

With _____, personnel use mechanical ventilation to develop an artificial airflow or enhance natural ventilation by creating a negative- pressure inside the structure thus moving contaminants out of the structure

Negative pressure ventilation

Hazardous materials technicians and specialists perform most ______

Offensive leak control tactics

What type of dam is most appropriate to build if the hazardous material has a density greater than one?

Overflow

Which type of air-purifying respirator (APR) filter is likely to be used for incidents with toxic dust, asbestos, and some biological hazards present?

Particulate-removing

What is the physical process that occurs when a hazardous material enters an opening or puncture in a protective material?

Penetration

Upon receiving the order to enter, what should be done at the entry access point?

Perform a final check of all equipment and PPE seals/closures.

______ personnel use mechanical or natural ventilation to artificially raise the pressure inside the structure so that containment move toward lower-pressure openings

Positive pressure ventilation

Which method is usually more effective for removing atmospheric contaminants?

Positive-pressure ventilation

Which statement about liquid-splash protective clothing is accurate?

Protects users from chemical liquid splashes, but not against chemical vapors or gases.

Which foam application method directs the stream into the air above the fire or spill and allows the foam to float gently down onto the surface of the fuel?

Rain-down

What should a responder do if routinely scheduled maintenance reveals PPE that is damaged?

Report through AHJ formal notification process

Which statement about medical monitoring is accurate?

Responders who are required to wear respiratory protection and certain levels of PPE as part of their job must have baseline medical exams and on-site monitoring.

Which foam application method is typically used on a pool of ignited or unignited liquid fuel on open ground?

Roll-on

What is a limiting factor of using self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) at a hazardous materials incident?

SCBA has a finite air-supply, limiting work duration.

What must happen before responders enter the hot zone?

Safety Briefing

Common absorbents used at hazmat incidents include

Sawdust Clays Charcoal Polyolefin-type fibers

What must be worn with vapor protective clothing?

Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)

How much foam is generally required to control an unignited liquid spill?

Substantially less than that required to extinguish a spill fire

Which type of respiratory protection requires no fit testing and can be worn by people with glasses, beards, and facial deformities?

Supplied-air hood

For blanketing or covering solids, such as powders and dusts, the following are used

Tarps Salvage covers Plastic sheeting

Vapor Suppresion

The action to reduce the emissions of vapor

Dilution

The application of water to a water soluble material to reduce the hazard

Why should air-purifying respirators (APRs) only be worn if the contaminant is known?

The filter/canister/cartridge is contaminant specific.

Until _____, do not extinguish flammable/ combustible liquid fires burning around relief valves or piping

The leak is controlled

Confinement

The process of controlling the flow of a spill and capturing it at some specified location

If a hazardous material is on fire, when might responders choose to let the fire burn until the fuel is consumed?

The products of combustion present fewer hazards than the leaking chemical.

When selecting PPE, why is it important to consider the duration of exposure?

The protective qualities of the PPE may be limited by the material's chemical resistance.

Why is it important to know manufacturer's recommended service life for PPE?

The wearer may not be adequately protected if past the service life.

Where is the emergency shutoff device located on corrosive liquid tanks (MC-312/DOT-412)?

These tanks typically do NOT have emergency shutoff devices

Why are flammable solids dangerous?

They are easy to ignite and difficult to extinguish

How do liquids such as alcohol, coffee, and caffeinated drinks affect responders prior to working?

They contribute to dehydration and heat stress.

What is one of the basic objectives of Chemical-Protective Clothing Programs (CPCs)?

To protect the user from safety and health hazards

Vapor Dispersion

Uses water spray to direct or influence the course of airborne hazardous materials

Neutrilization

Usually involves raising or lowering pH of corrosive materials to render them neutral

Which type of clothing provides the greatest degree of protection against respiratory, eye, or skin damage?

Vapor-protective

_____ is used to remove and/ or disperse harmful airborne particles, vapors, or gases when spills occur inside structure

Ventilation

What is a limitation of nonencapsulating suits?

Wearer is not protected from gases and vapors

Which of the following is a responsibility of Operations Level Responders with Mission-Specific product control training?

Work under the guidance of a hazardous materials technician, an allied professional, an emergency response plan, or SOP

Permeation occurs when:

a chemical passes through a fabric on a molecular level.

A visual inspection of PPE, confirmation of pressure test completion dates, and an operational check of all equipment are parts of:

a pre-entry check.

For a BLEVE to occur, the liquid or liquefied gas inside the container must be:

above its boiling point.

Operations Level Responders may perform leak control by:

activating emergency shutoff devices on transportation containers.

Flammable/combustible liquid fires burning around relief valves or piping should be extinguished:

after the leak is controlled.

Air-purifying respirators (APRs) contain filters or cartridges that remove specific contaminants as _____ air passes through the air-purifying element.

ambient

When flames contact a tank shell above the liquid level and the tank shell itself has overheated:

apply continual water to the upper portions of the tank.

Tarps, plastic sheeting, and foam are often used to perform:

blanketing/covering.

Ballistic protective clothing is designed to protect the wearer from:

bullets, handheld weapons, and shrapnel from explosives.

Rehabbing in a warm area and quickly removing wet clothing helps to prevent:

cold related injuries.

When wearing PPE, as work duration increases, heat tolerance:

decreases.

Directing or diverting a spilled hazardous liquid to a remote location for collection is a method of:

defensive spill control.

Even when assistants are available to help with doffing:

entry personnel remove their own respirator facepieces.

Responders at an incident involving a leak in a natural gas or liquefied natural gas line should first:

evacuate the area immediately around the break and downwind.

When using water streams to disperse gas being released under pressure, the mass and velocity of the water streams must _____ the mass and velocity of the escaping gas.

exceed

Advantages of combined respirators include:

flexibility and extended work duration times.

Flammable and combustible liquids are typically lighter than water and, if so, will:

float on water.

When damming, diking or diverting, it may be be desirable to direct the flow into certain locations in order to capture and retain the material:

for later testing, pickup, and disposal.

Most chemical protective clothing (CPC) inhibits the transfer of heat from the body which can lead to:

heat disorders in hot environments.

Responders usually use dispersion agents on _____ spills.

hydrocarbon

When working with leaks or spills of hazardous flammable and combustible liquids, remember that water:

is not an effective extinguishing agent.

When choosing an absorbent, remember that:

it must be chemically compatible with the material being absorbed.

Containment is another term for _____ control.

leak

Long drainage times result in _____ foam blankets. (518)

long-lasting

Flame-resistant (FR) clothing is typically used for:

minimal risk exposure to flash fires or electrical arc discharge.

At a fixed facility or pipeline leak incident, responders should:

only operate the shutoff valves with direction from facility or pipeline operations.

Operations Level Responders with Mission-Specific PPE training should be able to:

prepare PPE on the scene.

An effective hearing conservation program can:

prevent hearing loss and reduce noise-related disease.

At a hazmat incident, fire control tactics not only include extinguishing burning hazardous materials but also:

preventing ignition of flammable materials.

Contaminated garments or those beyond their service life should be:

properly documented then removed from service.

When using foam for vapor suppression, remember to:

reapply aerated foam periodically until the foam completely covers the spill.

High-temperature protective clothing is designed to protect the wearer from:

short-term exposure to high temperature heat levels.

Confining a hazardous material that has been released from its container is known as:

spill control.

When working with flammable and combustible liquids, remember that:

structural firefighters' protective clothing can absorb flammable and combustible liquids.

The rate at which a compound permeates chemical protective clothing (CPC) depends on:

the concentration of the chemical on the surface of the CPC.

Wearing chemical protective clothing (CPC) may cause some responders psychological issues due to:

the confining experience of working in restrictive suits.

In order for vapor dispersion with water spray to work:

the material must be water soluble or the vapor cloud must be moveable.

If a dry chemical system has discharged into a confined space, no one should enter the space without SCBA until:

the space is thoroughly ventilated.

Selection of appropriate chemical protective clothing (CPC) depends on:

the specific chemicals and specific tasks the wearer will perform.

Before entering the exclusion zone, the total estimated time a responder should be on air must include the time needed for:

undergoing decon.

If radio communications fail while a responder is wearing PPE, the responder should:

use designated nonverbal signals.

Foam and water fog from hose streams are commonly used in:

vapor suppression.

Responders at natural gas and liquefied natural gas incidents should prepare for a potential explosion and accompanying fire and must:

wear full PPE.