ch.11 anatomy review
the middle of the heart wall. Consist of thick bundles of cardiac muscle in ring-like arrangements
Myocardium
how are varicose veins caused
incompetent venus valves
generalized vasoconstriction is a result of a _______ in sympathetic nervous system firing
increase
the right and left renal veins empty blood into the _________ vena cava
inferior
the dorsalis pedis artery is terminal branch of the ______________ ______________ ___________________
interior tibial artery
apex of the heart
know directions
when ventricles contract, the bicuspid valve prevents blood from flowing from the
left ventricle to the left aorta
describe the meaning of the "Lub-dup" sounds of the heart
lub is the first sound caused by a closing of AV waves and dub is the second sound and occurs when the semilunar valves close at the end of systole
where is the carotid artery located
neck
identify examples of blood vessels in systemic circulation
anything but pulmonary
left common carotid artery, brachiocephalic artery, thoracic aorta, and left subclavian artery all receive blood from the _________ arch
aortic
which blood vessel experiences the highest blood pressure
arteries
peripheral resistance is increased by
atherosclerosis
blood leaving the subclavian artery flows directly into the __________ artery
axillary
why do substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of capillaries
because they cause high pressure
the path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is arteries, arterioles, _____________ ___________, venues, ____________.
capillary beds; veins
the right and left ________ arteries are a direct beach of the ascending _________
corinary; aorta
sinoatrial (SA) node
pace maker of the heart, tiny cell mass
list the pressure points
posterior tibial, facial, radial, and dorsalis pedis
what are the main functions of the renin and aldosterone
produced when BP falls and they cause an increase in BP and BV
Identify examples of blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood
pulmonary vein
the _________ ____________ receives blood during right ventricular systole
pulmonary veins
the left atrium receives blood directly from the 4
pulmonary veins
atria are located superiorly and are the ___________ chambers of heart
recieving
trace the path of a drop of blood
right atrium to pulmonary tricuspid valve to right ventricle to pulmonary semilunar valve to pulmonary trunk to right and left pulmonary arteries to pulmonary capillaries of the lungs to pulmonary veins to left atrium to bicuspid valve to left ventricle to aortic semilunar valve to aorta to systemic arteries to systemic arterials to systemic capillaries to systemic venules to systemic veins to superior and inferior vena cava to right atrium
the order of blood vessel tunics from outermost to innermost
tunica extrema, tunica media, tunica intima
stroke volume
volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heart beat
walls of artery vs walls of veins
wall of vein's middle coat is thin
an increase in the bags nerve activity causes a ___________ in heart rate and cardiac output
decrease
the superior vena cava empties what and where
deoxygenated blood into the right atrium
what does the superior vena cava do
drains blood from brachial and empties into the subclavian
heart murmurs abnormal or unusual heart sounds
heart murmurs
the aortic semilunar valve is composed of _____ cusps and _____ when left vent contracts
3; opens
another name for a heart attack, severe chest pains caused by a lack of oxygen supply to the heart muscle
Angina pectoris
the ______ vein drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins
brachial
bradycardia/tachycardia
slows heart rate to under 60 bpm/ rapid heart beat, over 100 bpm
a decrease in venous return to the heart results in a decrease in ______________ and cardiac output
stroke volume
the __________ valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid