ch.11 anatomy review

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the middle of the heart wall. Consist of thick bundles of cardiac muscle in ring-like arrangements

Myocardium

how are varicose veins caused

incompetent venus valves

generalized vasoconstriction is a result of a _______ in sympathetic nervous system firing

increase

the right and left renal veins empty blood into the _________ vena cava

inferior

the dorsalis pedis artery is terminal branch of the ______________ ______________ ___________________

interior tibial artery

apex of the heart

know directions

when ventricles contract, the bicuspid valve prevents blood from flowing from the

left ventricle to the left aorta

describe the meaning of the "Lub-dup" sounds of the heart

lub is the first sound caused by a closing of AV waves and dub is the second sound and occurs when the semilunar valves close at the end of systole

where is the carotid artery located

neck

identify examples of blood vessels in systemic circulation

anything but pulmonary

left common carotid artery, brachiocephalic artery, thoracic aorta, and left subclavian artery all receive blood from the _________ arch

aortic

which blood vessel experiences the highest blood pressure

arteries

peripheral resistance is increased by

atherosclerosis

blood leaving the subclavian artery flows directly into the __________ artery

axillary

why do substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of capillaries

because they cause high pressure

the path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is arteries, arterioles, _____________ ___________, venues, ____________.

capillary beds; veins

the right and left ________ arteries are a direct beach of the ascending _________

corinary; aorta

sinoatrial (SA) node

pace maker of the heart, tiny cell mass

list the pressure points

posterior tibial, facial, radial, and dorsalis pedis

what are the main functions of the renin and aldosterone

produced when BP falls and they cause an increase in BP and BV

Identify examples of blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood

pulmonary vein

the _________ ____________ receives blood during right ventricular systole

pulmonary veins

the left atrium receives blood directly from the 4

pulmonary veins

atria are located superiorly and are the ___________ chambers of heart

recieving

trace the path of a drop of blood

right atrium to pulmonary tricuspid valve to right ventricle to pulmonary semilunar valve to pulmonary trunk to right and left pulmonary arteries to pulmonary capillaries of the lungs to pulmonary veins to left atrium to bicuspid valve to left ventricle to aortic semilunar valve to aorta to systemic arteries to systemic arterials to systemic capillaries to systemic venules to systemic veins to superior and inferior vena cava to right atrium

the order of blood vessel tunics from outermost to innermost

tunica extrema, tunica media, tunica intima

stroke volume

volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heart beat

walls of artery vs walls of veins

wall of vein's middle coat is thin

an increase in the bags nerve activity causes a ___________ in heart rate and cardiac output

decrease

the superior vena cava empties what and where

deoxygenated blood into the right atrium

what does the superior vena cava do

drains blood from brachial and empties into the subclavian

heart murmurs abnormal or unusual heart sounds

heart murmurs

the aortic semilunar valve is composed of _____ cusps and _____ when left vent contracts

3; opens

another name for a heart attack, severe chest pains caused by a lack of oxygen supply to the heart muscle

Angina pectoris

the ______ vein drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins

brachial

bradycardia/tachycardia

slows heart rate to under 60 bpm/ rapid heart beat, over 100 bpm

a decrease in venous return to the heart results in a decrease in ______________ and cardiac output

stroke volume

the __________ valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle

tricuspid


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