Ch.11 : Axial and Appendicular Muscles
When the triceps brachii extends the elbow, its action is considered to be that of which of the following?
agonist
The extensor digitorum longus is on the ______ side of the leg.
anterior
The muscles in the ______ compartment of the arm flexes the arm at the elbow.
anterior
Contraction of gluteal muscles results in ______.
extension of the thigh
The thoracic muscles increase the space of the thoracic cavity during ______.
inspiration
The muscles that protract the scapula are ______.
the serratus anterior and pectoralis minor
The ______ muscles of the foot move the toes.
intrinsic
The ______ is formed by three layers of muscles and associated fasciae.
pelvic diaphragm
The muscles of the anterior neck that are superior to the hyoid bone are called ______.
suprahyoid muscles
Skeletal muscles are grouped according to their primary actions into which of the following three types?
- antagonists - agonists - synergists
Which muscles flex the forearm?
- brachialis - biceps brachii - brachioradialis
In general, muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh tend to ______.
- extend the thigh at the hip joint - flex the leg at the knee joint
Which of the following is/are functions of the intrinsic muscles of the foot?
- flex and extend the toes - abduct and adduct the toes - support the arches
In general, muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh tend to ______.
- flex the thigh at the hip joint - extend the leg at the knee joint
The functions of the erector spinae muscles include ______.
- lateral flexion of vertebral column - extension of vertebral column - maintenance of posture
What are some terms used in naming muscles according to orientation of fascicles?
- oblique - rectus
Extrinsic muscles of the wrist and hand ______.
- originate in the forearm - flex or extend the hand - flex or extend the thumb and fingers
Which muscles move the glenohumeral joint and originate on the axial skeleton?
- pectoralis major - latissimus dorsi
What are some terms used in naming muscles according to shape?
- rhomboid - trapezius - deltoid
Contraction of anterior muscles of the thigh results in ______.
- rotation of the thigh - flexion of the thigh
Muscles that move the knee joint ______.
- within each compartment have similar actions on the knee joint - are separated into anatomical compartments by deep fascia
The glenohumeral joint is crossed by ______ muscles.
11
Identify the muscles as indicated in the inferior views of the male and female superficial pelvic floor muscles. Item A ___. Item B ___. Item C ___ ___.
A - bulbospongiosus B - ischiocavernosus C - levator ani
Using the figure of the anterior leg, match the letter with the muscle.
A - fibularis longus B - gastrocnemius C - extensor digitorum longus
Identify the extrinsic eye muscles specified in the image of the right eye, lateral view. Item A—Superior ___. Item B—Inferior ___
A - rectus B - oblique
True or false: The intrinsic muscles of the foot act primarily to evert and invert the foot.
False
The orbicularis oris muscle is named for its ______.
arrangement of muscle fascicles and body location
The muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh flex the thigh and ______ the knee.
extend
Most muscles in the forearm are called ______ muscles of the hand and wrist because these muscles arise from the forearm, not the wrist or hand.
extrinsic
During inspiration, muscles of respiration ______.
increase the space of the thoracic cavity
Muscles of the anterior neck that are inferior to the hyoid bone are called ______ muscles.
infrahyoid
Which term refers to the process of chewing?
mastication
The pectoralis major is an example of a muscle that ______ the scapula.
protracts
When an appendicular muscle is contracting, the less moveable muscle attachment is usually the ______ attachment.
proximal
The neck muscle indicated by the letter B in the given diagram is the ______.
splenius capitis muscle
The neck muscle indicated by the letter A in the provided picture is the ______.
sternocleidomastoid muscle
Usually during axial muscle contraction, the more moveable muscle attachment, the ______ attachment is pulled toward the less moveable muscle attachment.
superior
The letter A indicates which facial muscle is the picture?
the buccinator muscle
Which muscle compresses the cheek against the teeth, as in chewing, when it contracts?
the buccinator muscle
Put in simple terms, the intrinsic muscles of the hand are classified anatomically as the group at the base of the thumb (the ______ group), those found at the base of the little finger (the ______ group), and everything in between (the ______ group).
thenar; hypothenar; midpalmar
The suprahyoid muscles ______ the hyoid bone.
elevate
The muscles of the thenar and hypothenar group form fleshy masses, each called a(n) ______, a term given to a circumscribed area raised above the general level of the surrounding surface.
eminence
A circular muscle is also called a(n) ______.
sphincter
Which muscles extend the forearm?
- anconeus - triceps brachii
Which muscle group maintains a person's posture and helps the individual to stand erect?
erector spinae
Which of the following muscles in the figure is the tibialis anterior?
B
The orbicularis oris muscle is an example of a ______ muscle.
circular
The buccinator muscle ______.
compresses the cheek
The muscles of the abdominal wall indicated by the letter A in the picture is the ______.
external oblique muscle
The hypothenar group forms a small fleshy mass at the base of the ______.
little finger
Which muscle adducts the eye?
medial rectus
Which is not an abdominal wall muscle?
rectus femoris