Ch.11 : Axial and Appendicular Muscles

When the triceps brachii extends the elbow, its action is considered to be that of which of the following?

agonist

The extensor digitorum longus is on the ______ side of the leg.

anterior

The muscles in the ______ compartment of the arm flexes the arm at the elbow.

anterior

Contraction of gluteal muscles results in ______.

extension of the thigh

The thoracic muscles increase the space of the thoracic cavity during ______.

inspiration

The muscles that protract the scapula are ______.

the serratus anterior and pectoralis minor

The ______ muscles of the foot move the toes.

intrinsic

The ______ is formed by three layers of muscles and associated fasciae.

pelvic diaphragm

The muscles of the anterior neck that are superior to the hyoid bone are called ______.

suprahyoid muscles

Skeletal muscles are grouped according to their primary actions into which of the following three types?

- antagonists - agonists - synergists

Which muscles flex the forearm?

- brachialis - biceps brachii - brachioradialis

In general, muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh tend to ______.

- extend the thigh at the hip joint - flex the leg at the knee joint

Which of the following is/are functions of the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

- flex and extend the toes - abduct and adduct the toes - support the arches

In general, muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh tend to ______.

- flex the thigh at the hip joint - extend the leg at the knee joint

The functions of the erector spinae muscles include ______.

- lateral flexion of vertebral column - extension of vertebral column - maintenance of posture

What are some terms used in naming muscles according to orientation of fascicles?

- oblique - rectus

Extrinsic muscles of the wrist and hand ______.

- originate in the forearm - flex or extend the hand - flex or extend the thumb and fingers

Which muscles move the glenohumeral joint and originate on the axial skeleton?

- pectoralis major - latissimus dorsi

What are some terms used in naming muscles according to shape?

- rhomboid - trapezius - deltoid

Contraction of anterior muscles of the thigh results in ______.

- rotation of the thigh - flexion of the thigh

Muscles that move the knee joint ______.

- within each compartment have similar actions on the knee joint - are separated into anatomical compartments by deep fascia

The glenohumeral joint is crossed by ______ muscles.

11

Identify the muscles as indicated in the inferior views of the male and female superficial pelvic floor muscles. Item A ___. Item B ___. Item C ___ ___.

A - bulbospongiosus B - ischiocavernosus C - levator ani

Using the figure of the anterior leg, match the letter with the muscle.

A - fibularis longus B - gastrocnemius C - extensor digitorum longus

Identify the extrinsic eye muscles specified in the image of the right eye, lateral view. Item A—Superior ___. Item B—Inferior ___

A - rectus B - oblique

True or false: The intrinsic muscles of the foot act primarily to evert and invert the foot.

False

The orbicularis oris muscle is named for its ______.

arrangement of muscle fascicles and body location

The muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh flex the thigh and ______ the knee.

extend

Most muscles in the forearm are called ______ muscles of the hand and wrist because these muscles arise from the forearm, not the wrist or hand.

extrinsic

During inspiration, muscles of respiration ______.

increase the space of the thoracic cavity

Muscles of the anterior neck that are inferior to the hyoid bone are called ______ muscles.

infrahyoid

Which term refers to the process of chewing?

mastication

The pectoralis major is an example of a muscle that ______ the scapula.

protracts

When an appendicular muscle is contracting, the less moveable muscle attachment is usually the ______ attachment.

proximal

The neck muscle indicated by the letter B in the given diagram is the ______.

splenius capitis muscle

The neck muscle indicated by the letter A in the provided picture is the ______.

sternocleidomastoid muscle

Usually during axial muscle contraction, the more moveable muscle attachment, the ______ attachment is pulled toward the less moveable muscle attachment.

superior

The letter A indicates which facial muscle is the picture?

the buccinator muscle

Which muscle compresses the cheek against the teeth, as in chewing, when it contracts?

the buccinator muscle

Put in simple terms, the intrinsic muscles of the hand are classified anatomically as the group at the base of the thumb (the ______ group), those found at the base of the little finger (the ______ group), and everything in between (the ______ group).

thenar; hypothenar; midpalmar

The suprahyoid muscles ______ the hyoid bone.

elevate

The muscles of the thenar and hypothenar group form fleshy masses, each called a(n) ______, a term given to a circumscribed area raised above the general level of the surrounding surface.

eminence

A circular muscle is also called a(n) ______.

sphincter

Which muscles extend the forearm?

- anconeus - triceps brachii

Which muscle group maintains a person's posture and helps the individual to stand erect?

erector spinae

Which of the following muscles in the figure is the tibialis anterior?

B

The orbicularis oris muscle is an example of a ______ muscle.

circular

The buccinator muscle ______.

compresses the cheek

The muscles of the abdominal wall indicated by the letter A in the picture is the ______.

external oblique muscle

The hypothenar group forms a small fleshy mass at the base of the ______.

little finger

Which muscle adducts the eye?

medial rectus

Which is not an abdominal wall muscle?

rectus femoris