ch13

The white matter of the spinal cord is mainly -unmyelinated axons. -neuroglia. -Schwann cells. -myelinated axons. -nodes of Ranvier.

myelinated axons.

Nerve tracts or fasciculi make up the -central canal. -posterior gray horns. -gray commissures. -anterior white columns. -all of these

anterior white columns.

The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains -axons of motor neurons. -axons of sensory neurons. -cell bodies of motor neurons. -cell bodies of sensory neurons. -interneurons.

axons of sensory neurons.

The ________ reflex complements the flexor reflex by activating contralateral muscles. -stretch -tendon -flexor -crossed extensor -reciprocal

crossed extensor

The tough fibrous outermost covering of the spinal cord is the ________.

dura mater

The tough, fibrous, outermost covering of the spinal cord is the -arachnoid. -pia mater. -dura mater. -epidural block. -periosteum

dura mater.

The tough, fibrous, outermost covering of the spinal cord is the -arachnoid. -pia mater. -dura mater. -epidural block. -periosteum.

dura mater.

Enlargements of the spinal cord occur -near the posterior median sulcus. -adjacent to the anterior median fissure. -in those spinal segments that control the limbs. -in the thoracic region. -in the sacral region.

in those spinal segments that control the limbs.

Reflexes based on synapses formed during development are ________ reflexes. -visceral -innate -acquired -somatic -vegetative

innate

The layer of the meninges in direct contact with the spinal cord is the -dura mater. -subarachnoid space. -arachnoid. -pia mater. -choroid plexus.

pia mater.

The complex, interwoven network formed by contributions from the ventral rami of neighboring spinal nerves is termed a(n) -dermatome. -autonomic nerve. -lateral nerve. -tract. -plexus

plexus

A dorsal and ventral root of each spinal segment unite to form a -cervical enlargement. -lumbar enlargement. -spinal nerve. -spinal meninx. -spinal ganglion.

spinal nerve.

Samples of CSF for diagnostic purposes are normally obtained by placing the tip of a needle in the -dura mater. -arachnoid mater. -epidural space. -subarachnoid space. -cerebral ventricles.

subarachnoid space.

The subdural space lies between -the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. -the pia mater and the dura mater. -the dura mater and the arachnoid mater. -the pia mater and the subarachnoid space. -the endosteum and the periosteum.

the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.

Reflexes can be classified according to all of the following, except -their development. -where information processing occurs. -the motor response. -the complexity of the neural circuit. -whether they are sensory or motor.

whether they are sensory or motor.

A nurse pricks your finger to type your blood. You flinch at the pain, pulling your hand back. This is called the _____ reflex.

withdrawal

In ________, one neuron synapses on several postsynaptic neurons.

divergence

Which of the following associations is incorrect? -8 cervical spinal nerves -11 thoracic spinal nerves -5 lumbar spinal nerves -5 sacral spinal nerves -1 coccygeal spinal nerve

-11 thoracic spinal nerves

After age ________ the vertebral column continues to elongate, but the spinal cord itself does not. -8 -12 -18 -4 -none of these

4

Tina falls while climbing a tree and lands on her back. Her frightened parents take her to the emergency room, where she is examined. Her knee-jerk reflex is normal and she exhibits a plantar reflex (negative Babinski reflex). These results suggest that -Tina has injured one of her descending nerve tracts. Tina has injured one of her ascending nerve tracts. -Tina has a spinal injury in the lumbar region. -Tina has a spinal injury in the cervical region. -Tina suffered no damage to her spinal cord.

-Tina suffered no damage to her spinal cord.

In an adult, the conus medullaris is found at about -T6. -T10. -L1. -L5. -Co1.

L1

In which of the following would the delay between stimulus and response be greater? -a monosynaptic reflex -a polysynaptic reflex

a polysynaptic reflex

The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains -axons of motor neurons. -axons of sensory neurons. -cell bodies of motor neurons. -cell bodies of sensory neurons. -interneurons.

axons of motor neurons.

Spinal nerves are -purely sensory. -purely motor. -both sensory and motor. -interneuronal. -involuntary.

both sensory and motor.

In which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise? -cranial -cervical -brachial -lumbar -sacral

brachial

The ventral rami of spinal nerves C4 to T1 contribute fibers to the ________ plexus. -cervical -brachial -lumbar -sacral -thoracic

brachial

In the spinal cord, white matter is separated into ascending and descending tracts organized as -nuclei. -ganglia. -columns. -nerves. -horns.

columns.

The specific strip of skin that is innervated by a specific spinal nerve is called a(n) ________.

dermatome

The ________ is a strand of fibrous tissue that provides longitudinal support as a component of the coccygeal ligament. -conus medullaris -filum terminale -cauda equina -dorsal root -ventral root

filum terminale

Spinal nerves from the sacral region of the cord innervate the ________ muscles. -shoulder -intercostal -abdominal -leg -facial

leg

If a person has a crush injury to the C3-C5 spinal segments, you would expect that he -might be unable to breathe on his own. -could walk without difficulty. -would have full range of motion in all extremities. -would be in a coma. -would exhibit none of these

might be unable to breathe on his own.

Each peripheral nerve provides ________ innervation to peripheral structures. -motor -sensory -motor AND sensory -motor OR sensory -motor AND/OR sensory

motor AND sensory

The ventral root carries ____ neurons, while the dorsal root carries ____ neurons.

motor, sensory

The flexor reflex -prevents a muscle from overstretching. -prevents a muscle from generating damaging tension. -moves a limb away from a painful stimulus. -usually depends on cranial neurons. -is an example of a monosynaptic reflex.

moves a limb away from a painful stimulus.

The gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly -nerve tracts. -columns. -meninges. -nerve cell bodies. -funiculi.

nerve cell bodies.

The loss of feeling and movement of the legs is termed ________.

paraplegia

The nerve crucial for breathing that originates within the cervical plexus is called the ________ nerve.

phrenic

This virus remains for life in the dorsal root ganglion but can travel down neurons from the dorsal root ganglion by fast axonal transport and cause a painful trail of skin discoloration along the path of the neurons. This virus travels down ____ neurons and causes _____.

sensory, shingles