Ch.16: Disorders in Immunity REVIEW QUESTIONS

which disease would be most similar to AIDS in its pathology

DiGeorges syndrome

a positive tuberculin skin test is an example of

a delayed-type allergy

Tissue destruction occurs in type III reactions when immune complexes deposit in the ___ of epithelial

basement, basal membrane, lamina

pollen is which type of antigen

inhalant

an example of a type 3 immune complex disease is

serum sickness

A significant number of B-cell deficiencies are ______ and therefore appear at a higher rate in ___ children

x-linked, male

class ___ and class ___ genes of the major histocompatibility complex correlate with certain autoimmune diseases.

1 2

Which of the following are involved in immune complex diseases?

Antibody-antigen complexes

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with type I allergic reactions?

Lupus erythematosus

Which of the following is characterized as a chronic autoimmunity disorder where immune complexes are deposited into the basement membranes of various organs resulting in dysfunction/tissue damage.

Lupus erythematosus

Which genes have been shown to correlate with certain autoimmune diseases?

MHC class 1 MHC class 2

theoretically, type ___ blood can be donated to all persons because it lacks ___

O, antigens

An antigen on red blood cells that can trigger hemolytic disease in newborns due to incompatibility between maternal and infant blood components is the

Rh factor

which of these immunopathologies could be treated with a stem cell transplant

SCID

Type IV hypersensitivities involve

T lymphocytes

the direct immediate cause of allergic symptoms is the action of

allergic mediators released from mast cells and basophils

the term ______ refers to an exaggerated immune response that is manifested by inflammatory symptoms.

allergy

An immune complex phenomenon that develops after a second injection at the site of the first injection, causing the area to become red, swollen, and painful is called

an Arthus reaction

production of IgE and degranulation of mast cells are involved in

anaphylaxis

For the ABO blood groups, ___ reactive to another blood type may exist in serum even though contact with other blood types has never occurred.

antibodies

Immune complex diseases are triggered by the formation of free-floating ___ - ___ complexes that can deposit in tissues

antibody-antigen

the nurse recognizes which of the following as a type 3 hypersensitivity

arthus reaction

B cells are responsible for which conditions

asthma anaphylaxis

The general term for a localized type I allergic reaction is

atopy

______ is defined as a chronic allergy, such as hay fever or eczema, with localized and non-life-threatening effects.

atopy

A pathological condition arising from the production of antibodies against self antigens is a(n)

autoimmune disease

The pathological condition arising from the production of antibodies against autoantigens is called a(n)

autoimmune disease

rheumatoid arthritis is an ___ that affects the ___

autoimmune disease, joints

Three methods of preventing and treating allergies involve:

avoiding allergen taking drugs that block lymphocyte, mast cell, chemical mediator action undergoing allergen desensitization therapy

Immune complex deposition in the ______ of epithelial tissues triggers the tissue damage that is characteristic of type III hypersensitivity reactions.

basement membrane

Allergies can be diagnosed ___ methods

by both in vivo and in vitro

contact dermatitis can be caused by

chemicals absorbed by skin

type 2 hypersensitivities are due to

complement induced lysis of cells in the presence of antibodies

Type II hypersensitivities involve

complement-assisted cell lysis by antibodies

The primary cell type responsible for host rejection of a graft is the

cytotoxic T cell

Which of the following commonly involve type I allergies?

drug allergy anaphylaxis eczema asthma hay fever food allergy

Which of the following methods are commonly used to prevent type I allergic reactions?

drug therapy avoiding the allergen desensitization therapy

production of autoantibodies may be due to

emergence of forbidden clones of B cells production of antibodies against sequestered tissue infection-induced change in receptors

Histamine is a potent stimulator of:

eosinophils glands smooth muscle

how is the immune system involved in the development of cancer

failure in immune surveillance

Which of the following is NOT a possible sign or symptom of anaphylaxis?

fever

The majority of patients with type I allergies

have mild symptoms

The most profuse and fastest-acting allergic mediator is ___, which has profound effects on smooth muscle and glands.

histamine

The most favorable sites to obtain bone marrow cells from a donor are on the

ilium bone of pelvis

Recurrent, overwhelming infections, often with opportunistic microbes, are consequences of a group of immune system dysfunctions called

immunodeficiencies

The study of disease states associated with overreactivity or underreactivity of the immune response is called

immunopathology

Secondary immune deficiency is acquired through

infection organic disease chemotherapy radiation

Bone marrow is transplanted into the recipient by

intravenous drip into recipient circulation

Although about 30% of the human population are prone to allergies, the symptoms of the majority of type I allergies are relatively

mild

which disease is caused in a manner most similar to anti-NMDAR encephalitis

myasthenia gravis

In type III hypersensitivity, damage to tissues occurs when ___ release lysosomal granules that digest tissues and cause destructive inflammatory reactions at the sites where Ab-Ag complexes have been deposited in basement membranes.

neutrophils

Which type of macromolecule is most allergenic?

proteins

the contact with allergen that results in symptoms is called the

provocative dose

Predominant consequences of immunodeficiencies include:

recurrent infections opportunistic infections

The initial effective exposure to an antigen or an allergen that stimulates an immune response but generally elicits no symptoms is called a(n) ___ dose

sensitizing

The initial exposure to an allergen provides a(n) ___ dose that primes the immune system for a subsequent encounter with that allergen.

sensitizing

The theory that autoimmunity develops due to exposure of an antigen previously hidden behind an anatomical barrier is the

sequestered antigen theory

Which of the following are potential mild and severe symptoms of anaphylaxis?

sneezing itching prostration difficulty breathing convulsions

the nurse gives a primigravida (first pregnancy) client an injection of RohGAM during the 28th week of her pregnancy. why was the nurse required to take this action

the mother was Rh-negative while the father was Rh- positive

The T-cell branch of the immune system is primarily involved in ______ hypersensitivity.

type 4

which hypersensitivities are T cell mediated

type 4