Ch.16: Disorders in Immunity REVIEW QUESTIONS
which disease would be most similar to AIDS in its pathology
DiGeorges syndrome
a positive tuberculin skin test is an example of
a delayed-type allergy
Tissue destruction occurs in type III reactions when immune complexes deposit in the ___ of epithelial
basement, basal membrane, lamina
pollen is which type of antigen
inhalant
an example of a type 3 immune complex disease is
serum sickness
A significant number of B-cell deficiencies are ______ and therefore appear at a higher rate in ___ children
x-linked, male
class ___ and class ___ genes of the major histocompatibility complex correlate with certain autoimmune diseases.
1 2
Which of the following are involved in immune complex diseases?
Antibody-antigen complexes
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with type I allergic reactions?
Lupus erythematosus
Which of the following is characterized as a chronic autoimmunity disorder where immune complexes are deposited into the basement membranes of various organs resulting in dysfunction/tissue damage.
Lupus erythematosus
Which genes have been shown to correlate with certain autoimmune diseases?
MHC class 1 MHC class 2
theoretically, type ___ blood can be donated to all persons because it lacks ___
O, antigens
An antigen on red blood cells that can trigger hemolytic disease in newborns due to incompatibility between maternal and infant blood components is the
Rh factor
which of these immunopathologies could be treated with a stem cell transplant
SCID
Type IV hypersensitivities involve
T lymphocytes
the direct immediate cause of allergic symptoms is the action of
allergic mediators released from mast cells and basophils
the term ______ refers to an exaggerated immune response that is manifested by inflammatory symptoms.
allergy
An immune complex phenomenon that develops after a second injection at the site of the first injection, causing the area to become red, swollen, and painful is called
an Arthus reaction
production of IgE and degranulation of mast cells are involved in
anaphylaxis
For the ABO blood groups, ___ reactive to another blood type may exist in serum even though contact with other blood types has never occurred.
antibodies
Immune complex diseases are triggered by the formation of free-floating ___ - ___ complexes that can deposit in tissues
antibody-antigen
the nurse recognizes which of the following as a type 3 hypersensitivity
arthus reaction
B cells are responsible for which conditions
asthma anaphylaxis
The general term for a localized type I allergic reaction is
atopy
______ is defined as a chronic allergy, such as hay fever or eczema, with localized and non-life-threatening effects.
atopy
A pathological condition arising from the production of antibodies against self antigens is a(n)
autoimmune disease
The pathological condition arising from the production of antibodies against autoantigens is called a(n)
autoimmune disease
rheumatoid arthritis is an ___ that affects the ___
autoimmune disease, joints
Three methods of preventing and treating allergies involve:
avoiding allergen taking drugs that block lymphocyte, mast cell, chemical mediator action undergoing allergen desensitization therapy
Immune complex deposition in the ______ of epithelial tissues triggers the tissue damage that is characteristic of type III hypersensitivity reactions.
basement membrane
Allergies can be diagnosed ___ methods
by both in vivo and in vitro
contact dermatitis can be caused by
chemicals absorbed by skin
type 2 hypersensitivities are due to
complement induced lysis of cells in the presence of antibodies
Type II hypersensitivities involve
complement-assisted cell lysis by antibodies
The primary cell type responsible for host rejection of a graft is the
cytotoxic T cell
Which of the following commonly involve type I allergies?
drug allergy anaphylaxis eczema asthma hay fever food allergy
Which of the following methods are commonly used to prevent type I allergic reactions?
drug therapy avoiding the allergen desensitization therapy
production of autoantibodies may be due to
emergence of forbidden clones of B cells production of antibodies against sequestered tissue infection-induced change in receptors
Histamine is a potent stimulator of:
eosinophils glands smooth muscle
how is the immune system involved in the development of cancer
failure in immune surveillance
Which of the following is NOT a possible sign or symptom of anaphylaxis?
fever
The majority of patients with type I allergies
have mild symptoms
The most profuse and fastest-acting allergic mediator is ___, which has profound effects on smooth muscle and glands.
histamine
The most favorable sites to obtain bone marrow cells from a donor are on the
ilium bone of pelvis
Recurrent, overwhelming infections, often with opportunistic microbes, are consequences of a group of immune system dysfunctions called
immunodeficiencies
The study of disease states associated with overreactivity or underreactivity of the immune response is called
immunopathology
Secondary immune deficiency is acquired through
infection organic disease chemotherapy radiation
Bone marrow is transplanted into the recipient by
intravenous drip into recipient circulation
Although about 30% of the human population are prone to allergies, the symptoms of the majority of type I allergies are relatively
mild
which disease is caused in a manner most similar to anti-NMDAR encephalitis
myasthenia gravis
In type III hypersensitivity, damage to tissues occurs when ___ release lysosomal granules that digest tissues and cause destructive inflammatory reactions at the sites where Ab-Ag complexes have been deposited in basement membranes.
neutrophils
Which type of macromolecule is most allergenic?
proteins
the contact with allergen that results in symptoms is called the
provocative dose
Predominant consequences of immunodeficiencies include:
recurrent infections opportunistic infections
The initial effective exposure to an antigen or an allergen that stimulates an immune response but generally elicits no symptoms is called a(n) ___ dose
sensitizing
The initial exposure to an allergen provides a(n) ___ dose that primes the immune system for a subsequent encounter with that allergen.
sensitizing
The theory that autoimmunity develops due to exposure of an antigen previously hidden behind an anatomical barrier is the
sequestered antigen theory
Which of the following are potential mild and severe symptoms of anaphylaxis?
sneezing itching prostration difficulty breathing convulsions
the nurse gives a primigravida (first pregnancy) client an injection of RohGAM during the 28th week of her pregnancy. why was the nurse required to take this action
the mother was Rh-negative while the father was Rh- positive
The T-cell branch of the immune system is primarily involved in ______ hypersensitivity.
type 4
which hypersensitivities are T cell mediated
type 4