ch.18
39) Susan Bones is the sales manager at the Ohio office of Alpha Inc. She has a reputation of being fair, helpful, and understanding. Laura, one of her subordinates, recalled how Susan had even helped her overcome a personal crisis. Which of the following dimensions of leadership is Susan displaying here? A) consideration B) initiating structure C) employee orientation D) task orientation
A
42) The ________ model proposed that effective group performance depended upon the proper match between the leader's style of interacting with his or her followers and the degree to which the situation allowed the leader to control and influence. A) Fiedler contingency B) situational leadership C) leader participation D) path-goal
A
43) Fiedler would expect that the best leadership style was a function of ________. A) leader-member relations, task structure, and position power B) formal authority, production process, and personality of employees C) chain of command, relationships, and power D) type of organization, personality of leader, and education of employees
A
44) Fiedler's dimension termed ________ is the degree of confidence, trust, and respect subordinates have for their leader. A) leader-member relations B) power relationship C) task structure D) authority
A
49) Research by Fiedler uncovered three contingency dimensions that define the key ________. A) situational factors for determining leader effectiveness B) follower factors for determining leader effectiveness C) leader behavioral style factors for determining leader effectiveness D) situational factors for determining follower effectiveness
A
58) According to the path-goal theory, a leader who lets subordinates know what's expected of them, schedules work to be done, and gives specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks is termed ________. A) directive B) achievement oriented C) participative D) supportive
A
63) Which of the following is included in the class of contingency variables termed "environment" by the path-goal theory? A) task structure and formal authority system B) locus of control and experience C) perceived ability D) employee satisfaction
A
64) Which of the following is included in the class of contingency variables termed "follower" by the path-goal theory? A) locus of control B) work group C) employee compensation D) formal authority system
A
77) ________ leadership is the ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible, and attractive vision of the future for an organization that improves on the present. A) Visionary B) Charismatic C) Trait D) Transactional
A
79) Which of the following is the type of power a person has because of his or her position in the formal organizational hierarchy? A) legitimate power B) coercive power C) reward power D) expert power
A
81) Marsha Lewis is the manager at a bank, with 30 employees reporting to her. Many of her staff are extremely impressed with the way she handles her work and the people at the bank. They take pride in being associated with her team. She is not only fair and understanding, but ensures that the deserving employees are compensated well. Which two sources of power does Marsha use in this example? A) reward and referent power B) referent and coercive power C) expert and reward power D) referent and expert power
A
86) The dimension of trust that is used to describe honesty and truthfulness is ________. A) integrity B) competence C) consistency D) loyalty
A
89) One general conclusion that surfaces from leadership research is that ________. A) effective leaders do not use any single style B) managers always make good team leaders C) national culture is one situational variable which in reality has a limited impact on leadership style D) women usually make better transactional leaders than men
A
29) Persons who are able to influence others and who possess managerial authority are termed ________. A) entrepreneurs B) leaders C) organizers D) visionaries
B
32) Which of the following describes the leadership style in which a leader tends to centralize authority, dictate work methods, make unilateral decisions, and limit employee participation? A) cultural style B) autocratic style C) democratic style D) laissez-faire style
B
38) According to the Ohio State studies, the ________ dimension of leader behavior is defined as the extent to which a leader has job relationships characterized by mutual trust and respect for group members' ideas and feelings. A) initiation B) consideration C) cultural D) physical
B
47) Fiedler's term ________ refers to the degree of influence a leader has over power-based activities. A) leader-member relations B) position power C) responsibility D) task structure
B
51) The ________ theory is a contingency theory that focuses on followers' readiness. A) consideration leadership B) situational leadership C) passive leadership D) active leadership
B
52) According to Hersey and Blanchard, a high task-low relationship situation calls for the ________ leadership style. A) delegating B) telling C) participating D) selling
B
53) Which of the following leadership styles describes a leader who provides both directive and supportive behavior? A) telling B) selling C) participating D) delegating
B
73) Evidence indicates that transformational leadership is strongly correlated with ________. A) lower turnover rates and lower levels of goal attainment and follower well-being B) lower turnover rates and higher levels of productivity and creativity C) higher turnover rates and lower levels of productivity and employee satisfaction D) higher turnover rates and higher levels of employee satisfaction and follower well-being
B
74) Joanna Williams, an enthusiastic and confident lady, was appointed to head a team of market researchers at a time when there was considerable unrest within the team. Under her guidance, however, the team's performance improved drastically. They not only did their job well but also learned to resolve their personal differences in the interest of their work. Joanna can be described as a(n) ________ leader. A) telling B) charismatic C) authoritative D) participative
B
76) Researchers who train individuals to use charismatic nonverbal behaviors do not recommend ________. A) leaning toward the subordinate B) avoiding eye contact C) having relaxed posture D) having animated facial expressions
B
78) All of the following are sources of leader power except ________. A) legitimate B) status C) expert D) coercive
B
80) Sam Meyers is the manager at a department store. He has 20 employees working under him who are mostly unhappy and discontented with the way he threatens them for even minor errors. Which of the following statements is likely to be true about Sam? A) Sam is a transactional leader. B) Sam is using coercive power to get the job done. C) Sam is a telling leader. D) Sam is using referent power to get the job done.
B
83) ________ is the power that arises because of a person's desirable resources or personal traits. A) Expert power B) Referent power C) Reward power D) Legitimate power
B
91) Studies reveal that ________ are characterized by high performance orientation, low compassion, low self-protection, low team orientation, high autonomy, and high participation. A) Arab leaders B) German leaders C) Malaysian leaders D) Scandinavian and Dutch leaders
B
31) Trait theory ignores ________. A) physical traits of leaders B) the behavioral aspects of honesty and integrity C) the interactions of leaders and their group members as well as situational factors D) the fact that leaders should be able to create visions and solve problems
C
33) The ________ style of leadership describes a leader who tends to involve employees in decision making, delegate authority, encourage participation in deciding work methods and goals, and use feedback as an opportunity for coaching employees. A) cultural B) autocratic C) democratic D) laissez-faire
C
36) The University of Iowa studies discussed all of the following leadership styles except ________. A) laissez-faire B) democratic C) accommodating D) autocratic
C
37) According to the Ohio State studies, which of the following dimensions of leader behavior refers to the extent to which a leader is likely to define and structure his or her role and the roles of group members in the search for goal attainment? A) intelligence structure B) psychological structure C) initiating structure D) consideration structure
C
45) Which of the following are two of the three key situational factors Fiedler felt were important in determining leader effectiveness? A) leader-member relations and maturity of followers B) organizational success and position power C) task structure and leader-member relations D) maturity of organization and task structure
C
46) The degree to which the job assignments are formalized and procedurized is the ________ contingency dimension identified by Fiedler. A) position power B) subordinate maturity C) task structure D) centralization
C
54) At Falcons Inc., Jeremy is the head of the marketing department. However, he is not in the habit of deciding everything on his own. He involves his team in the decision-making process as much as possible. He believes in communicating clearly and is always ready to help his team to get the best out of them. Jeremy's leadership style will be classified as which of the following? A) telling B) selling C) participating D) delegating
C
59) According to the path-goal theory, a manager who consults with subordinates and uses their suggestions exhibits what type of leadership behavior? A) directive B) achievement oriented C) participative D) supportive
C
61) Alex Johnson was classified as an achievement oriented leader by his team. Which of the following would describe Johnson's leadership style best? A) He lets subordinates know what's expected of them, schedules work to be done, and gives specific guidance on how to accomplish tasks. B) He shows concern for the needs of his subordinates and is friendly. C) He sets challenging goals and expects subordinates to perform at their highest level. D) He consults with subordinates and uses their suggestions before making a decision.
C
66) According to the path-goal theory, directive leadership will lead to higher employee satisfaction when there is ________ within a work group. A) cohesiveness B) high structure C) substantial conflict D) internal locus of control
C
67) According to the path-goal theory, employee performance and leadership style are likely to be positively related when ________. A) the leader adopts a directive style when the tasks are clear and the employee has the experience and the ability to handle them B) the leader displays directive behavior at all times C) the leadership style compensates for shortcomings in either the employee or the work setting D) the leader adopts a directive style of leadership with followers who have an internal locus of control
C
69) Which of the following is an accurate statement about transformational leaders? A) They are poor motivators. B) They clarify task requirements. C) They exhibit more than just charisma. D) They focus on tasks and pay little attention to followers.
C
82) Your firm's attorney has ________ power when giving legal advice. A) legitimate B) status C) expert D) coercive
C
87) Shaun Mendis is the manager of a warehouse operated by a department store. He is trusted by his subordinates because he is open, reliable, and shows extremely good judgment while handling any type of crisis. Mendis is also known to be very supportive of his staff. Which dimensions of trust is he exhibiting? A) integrity and loyalty B) competence and openness C) consistency, loyalty, and openness D) loyalty, consistency, and competence
C
90) According to studies on cross-cultural leadership ________ are expected to speak frequently and be humble. A) Arab leaders B) German leaders C) Japanese leaders D) Korean leaders
C
30) Early research on leadership traits ________. A) sought to prove that charisma was an essential trait of leadership B) focused entirely on behavioral traits rather than physical traits of a leader C) found consistent and unique traits that would apply universally to all effective leaders D) focused on characteristics that might differentiate leaders from nonleaders
D
34) Which of the following describes the leadership style in which the leader generally gives the group complete freedom to make decisions and complete the work in whatever way it sees fit? A) cultural style B) autocratic style C) democratic style D) laissez-faire style
D
35) According to the University of Iowa behavioral studies, group members' satisfaction levels were generally ________. A) higher under an autocratic leader in the long run B) improved when the leader was production oriented C) maintained when the leader was autocratic in the short run D) higher under a democratic leader than under an autocratic one
D
40) This managerial grid used the behavioral dimensions "concern for people" and ________ and evaluated a leader's use of these behaviors, ranking them on a scale from 1 (low) to 9 (high). A) "concern for integrity" B) "concern for profit" C) "concern for environment" D) "concern for production"
D
41) To measure a leader's style, Fiedler developed the ________. A) contingency grid B) situational leadership theory C) managerial grid D) least-preferred co-worker questionnaire
D
48) Fiedler assumed a person's leadership style was ________. A) contingent upon the situation B) relatively flexible C) democratic D) fixed
D
50) Reviews of the major studies undertaken to test the overall validity of Fiedler's model have shown ________. A) considerable evidence to refute the model B) minor evidence to support the model C) minor evidence to refute the model D) considerable evidence to support the model
D
55) Which of the following leadership styles describes a leader who provides little direction or support? A) telling B) selling C) participating D) delegating
D
56) Which leadership theory believes that a leader's job is to assist followers in attaining their goals and to ensure that their goals are compatible with the goals of the group or organization? A) Fiedler's Theory B) Contingency Theory C) Leader Participation Model D) Path-Goal Theory
D
57) Who developed the path-goal theory? A) Fiedler B) Blake and Mouton C) Lewin D) House
D
60) According to the path-goal theory, a leader who is friendly and shows concern for the needs of subordinates is termed ________. A) directive B) achievement oriented C) participative D) supportive
D
62) Path-goal theory identifies two classes of situation variables that moderate the leadership-behavior outcome as ________. A) tact and relationship B) path and goal C) people and achievements D) environment and followers
D
65) Which of the following is not one of the hypotheses that have evolved from the path-goal theory? A) Supportive leadership results in high employee performance and satisfaction when subordinates are performing structured tasks. B) Directive leadership is likely to be perceived as redundant among subordinates with high perceived ability or with considerable experience. C) The clearer and more bureaucratic the formal authority relationships, the more leaders should exhibit supportive behavior and deemphasize directive behavior. D) Subordinates with an external locus of control will be less satisfied with a directive leadership style.
D
68) When Alan Jackman got promoted as the head of the sales team at Mac Software Inc., he chose three of his closest friends in the team to form the core sales group with him. Which of the following predictions would be consistent with the LMX theory? A) Such an arrangement eventually becomes unstable. B) Job satisfaction is more likely to be higher for the team members who are not a part of the core group. C) Team members who are not a part of Alan's core group are actually far more competent than his friends who form the core team. D) There will be a higher turnover among team members who are not a part of the core group.
D
70) Rachel Keller's colleagues and subordinates have a very high regard for her. They know that no one can get high-quality work done the way Rachel can. She inspires her team to excel in their work, even exceeding their own expectations. What her subordinates like best about Rachel is that they are free to discuss her decisions with her, even question her once in while if they are not sure about her strategy. Which of the following best describes Rachel's leadership style? A) transactional B) charismatic C) trait D) transformational
D
71) A leader, such as Bill Gates of Microsoft, who can inspire followers above their own self-interests and can have a profound effect on their performance, is known as a(n) ________. A) transactional leader B) directive leader C) informational leader D) transformational leader
D
72) The evidence supporting the superiority of transformational leadership over the transactional style is ________. A) inconclusive B) moderately supportive C) moderately negative D) overwhelmingly impressive
D
75) If Carol Reece is a charismatic leader, which of the following characteristics is she most likely to possess? A) a strong need to be in control B) a lack of sensitivity to environmental constraints C) an external locus of control D) a willingness to take risks to achieve her vision
D
84) When a young child emulates a professional sports star's behavior, what kind of power does the star have over the child? A) legitimate B) expert C) coercive D) referent
D
85) The most dominant component of credibility is ________. A) expertise B) status C) authority D) honesty
D
88) Why are more and more companies empowering employees? A) Management needs to make quick decisions. B) Organizational upsizing left many managers with smaller spans of control. C) Empowerment is appropriate for all circumstances. D) Managers must cope with increased work demands.
D
