ch3

Match each organ system with its nutrition-related function.

Cardiovascular system = Regulates temperature and transports nutrients, waste products, and gases and hormones throughout the body Endocrine system = regulates metabolism through the action of hormones Lymphatic system = removes foreign substances, combats diseases, maintains tissue fluid, balance, and aids in fat absorption Immune system = provides defense against foreign invaders and is responsible for formation of white blood cells Respiratory system = system exchanges oxygen and CO2 between blood and the atmosphere and regulates acid-base balance

Arrange the levels of organization of the human body from smallest and least complex (at the top) to largest and most complex (at the bottom).

Cell < tissue < organ < organ system < organism

Which of the following correctly traces the path of food through the gastrointestinal tract?

Esophagus → stomach → small intestine

Glucose, protein, glycerol, and long-chain fatty acids are absorbed from the small intestine directly into the bloodstream.

False

Gluten causes weight gain.

False

Lipids are broken down into

fatty acids and glycerol.

Carbohydrates are broken down into

glucose

In human metabolism, an aerobic process is one that

requires oxygen

For a person with celiac disease, exposure to dietary gluten results in damage to the

small intestine

The primary site of nutrient absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is the

small intestine

Proteins are made of amino acids.

True

Linda has been experiencing some problems with bowel regularity. She saw a commercial for a yogurt with added probiotics that claims to aid with digestion and alleviate bowel problems. What is a probiotic?

A probiotic contains specific types of bacteria that are intended to colonize the large intestine and thereby improve intestinal tract health.

In the cells, chemical reactions convert the energy in glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids into

ATP

The human body's storage capacity varies for different nutrients. Match the following nutrients with their primary storage site in the body.

Adipose tissue = fat Muscles and liver = carbohydrates (glycogen) Bone = calcium

For what activities does the body use ATP?

All of these

Hormones affect blood glucose levels in different ways. Identify whether each hormone increases or decreases blood glucose by dragging the hormone to the appropriate category.

Increase blood glucose level: insulin Decrease blood glucose level: epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, growth hormone

Click to select the body systems that are involved in regulation of digestion.

Nervous system Endocrine system

The small intestine absorbs nutrients through the intestinal wall using various processes. Match each nutrient or dietary component to its primary absorption process.

Passive: fat, water, some minerals Facilitated: Fructose Active: glucose, amino acids Phagocytosis: immune substances from milk

______ refers to the muscular contractions that move food along the gastrointestinal tract.

Peristalsis

Nutrient digestion and absorption occur in the stomach and (mostly) in the small intestine. Label each missing part of the anatomy of the digestive system.

Stomach < pyloric sphincter < duodenum < jejunum < ileum

How are each of the following nutrients involved in nervous system function?

Synthesis of Neurotransmitters = Synthesis of Myelin Sheath = Transmission of Nerve Signals Along Neurons = sodium, potassium Release of Neurotransmitters into Synapse = Ca2+

All absorbed nutrients eventually travel to the

liver

A gluten-free diet excludes foods made with enriched wheat flour, including bread, cereal, and pasta. In the United States and Canada, wheat flour is enriched with which nutrients? Click to select all that apply.

niacin, thiamin, iron, and folic acid