Ch3 Aviation Weather

What are the standard temperature and pressure values for sea level? - 59 °C and 1013.2 millibars. - 15 °C and 29.92 inches Hg. - 59 °F and 29.92 millibars.

15 °C and 29.92 inches Hg.

A pilot can expect a wind-shear zone in a temperature inversion whenever the windspeed at 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the surface is at least - 25 knots. - 15 knots. - 10 knots.

25 knots.

The standard temperature lapse rate is: - 2°C per 1,000 feet. - 2°F per 500 feet. - 15°C per 1,000 feet.

2°C per 1,000 feet.

What is the approximate base of the cumulus clouds if the surface air temperature at 1,000 feet MSL is 70 °F and the dewpoint is 48 °F? - 5,000 feet MSL. - 4,000 feet MSL. - 6,000 feet MSL.

6,000 feet MSL.

When the term 'light and variable' is used in reference to a Winds Aloft Forecast, the coded group and windspeed is - 9900 and less than 5 knots. - 9999 and less than 10 knots. - 0000 and less than 7 knots.

9900 and less than 5 knots.

On a TAF, the broken cloud layer written as, BKN250 indicates: - A broken cloud layer at 25,000 feet AGL. - A broken cloud layer at 250 feet AGL. - A broken cloud layer at 2,500 feet AGL.

A broken cloud layer at 25,000 feet AGL.

If you will be flying with cumulus clouds, you might expect: - A smooth flight and poor visibility. - A bumpy flight with good visibility. - A smooth flight with good visibility.

A bumpy flight with good visibility.

Wind shear can be defined as: - Wind that starts and stops only. - A change in wind direction or wind speed. - Wind that blows at a constant speed.

A change in wind direction or wind speed.

If you are on approach and picking up ½ in. of rime ice on the leading edge of your wings, you should consider: - Flying your approach slower than normal to lessen the "wind chill" effect and break up the ice. - Approaching and landing at your normal speed since the ice is not thick enough to have any noticeable effect. - A faster than normal approach and landing speed.

A faster than normal approach and landing speed.

Which is true with respect to a high - or low-pressure system? - A high-pressure area or ridge is an area of rising air. - A high-pressure area or ridge is an area of descending air. - A low-pressure area or trough is an area of descending air.

A high-pressure area or ridge is an area of descending air.

What feature is associated with a temperature inversion? - Chinook winds on mountain slopes. - A stable layer of air. - An unstable layer of air.

A stable layer of air.

What measurement can be used to determine the stability of the atmosphere? - Atmospheric pressure. - Actual lapse rate. - Surface temperature.

Actual lapse rate.

Which type of weather briefing should a pilot request to supplement mass disseminated data? - A supplemental briefing. - An outlook briefing. - An abbreviated briefing.

An abbreviated briefing.

In which situation is advection fog most likely to form? - A warm, moist air mass on the windward side of mountains. - An air mass moving inland from the coast in winter. - A light breeze blowing colder air out to sea.

An air mass moving inland from the coast in winter.

here does wind shear occur? - Only at higher altitudes. - At all altitudes, in all directions. - Only at lower altitudes.

At all altitudes, in all directions.

You can expect dangerous turbulence in mountain waves and: - Below rotor clouds. - Below lenticular clouds. - Above rotor clouds.

Below rotor clouds.

The variations of solar radiation on the Earth's surface create: - The amount of precipitation for a given geographical region. - The amount on sunlight entering our atmosphere. - Changes in weather.

Changes in weather.

If an unstable air mass is forced upward, what type clouds can be expected? - Stratus clouds with considerable associated turbulence. - Clouds with considerable vertical development and associated turbulence. - Stratus clouds with little vertical development.

Clouds with considerable vertical development and associated turbulence.

What feature is normally associated with the cumulus stage of a thunderstorm? - Roll cloud. - Frequent lightning. - Continuous updraft.

Continuous updraft.

What causes sea breezes to move inland? - Water absorbing and radiating heat faster than the land. - Warm, dense air moving inland from over the water to replace cool air that has risen over the land. - Cool, dense air moving inland from over the water to replace warm air that has risen over the land.

Cool, dense air moving inland from over the water to replace warm air that has risen over the land.

What are characteristics of a moist, unstable air mass? - Poor visibility and smooth air. - Cumuliform clouds and showery precipitation. - Stratiform clouds and showery precipitation.

Cumuliform clouds and showery precipitation.

What clouds have the greatest turbulence? - Nimbostratus. - Cumulonimbus. - Towering cumulus.

Cumulonimbus.

The life cycle of a thunderstorm cell has three distinct stages: - Cumulus stage, mature stage, and dissipating stage. - Stratus stage, mature stage, and final stage. - Stratus stage, building stage, and mature stage.

Cumulus stage, mature stage, and dissipating stage.

During the life cycle of a thunderstorm, which stage is characterized predominately by downdrafts? - Cumulus. - Dissipating. - Mature.

Dissipating.

What are the processes by which moisture is added to unsaturated air? - Supersaturation and evaporation. - Evaporation and sublimation. - Heating and condensation.

Evaporation and sublimation.

The destination airport has one runway, 08-26, and the wind is calm. The normal approach in calm wind is a left hand pattern to runway 08. There is no other traffic at the airport. A thunderstorm about 6 miles west is beginning its mature stage, and rain is starting to reach the ground. The pilot decides to: - Fly the pattern to runway 08 since the storm is too far away to affect the wind at the airport. - Fly the normal pattern to runway 08 since the storm is west and moving north and any unexpected wind will be from the east or southeast toward the storm. - Fly an approach to runway 26 since any unexpected wind due to the storm will be westerly.

Fly an approach to runway 26 since any unexpected wind due to the storm will be westerly.

How are Significant Weather Prognostic Charts best used by a pilot? - For determining areas to avoid (freezing levels and turbulence). - For overall planning at all altitudes. - For analyzing current frontal activity and cloud coverage.

For determining areas to avoid (freezing levels and turbulence).

Of what value is the Weather Depiction Chart to the pilot? - For determining frontal trends and air mass characteristics. - For a forecast of cloud coverage, visibilities, and frontal activity. - For determining general weather conditions on which to base flight planning.

For determining general weather conditions on which to base flight planning.

How does frost affect the lifting surfaces of an airplane on takeoff? - Frost will change the camber of the wing, increasing lift during takeoff. - Frost may cause the airplane to become airborne with a lower angle of attack at a lower indicated airspeed. - Frost may prevent the airplane from becoming airborne at normal takeoff speed.

Frost may prevent the airplane from becoming airborne at normal takeoff speed.

Why is frost considered hazardous to flight? - Frost changes the basic aerodynamic shape of the airfoils, thereby decreasing lift. - Frost spoils the smooth flow of air over the wings, thereby decreasing lifting capability. - Frost slows the airflow over the airfoils, thereby increasing control effectiveness.

Frost spoils the smooth flow of air over the wings, thereby decreasing lifting capability.

What conditions are necessary for the formation of thunderstorms? - High humidity, high temperature, and cumulus clouds. - Lifting force, moist air, and extensive cloud cover. - High humidity, lifting force, and unstable conditions.

High humidity, lifting force, and unstable conditions.

Seasonal variations of solar radiation primarily occur because the axis of the Earth is tilted. During June through August the Sun is: - Lower in the sky in the northern hemisphere. - Higher in the sky in the southern hemisphere. - Higher in the sky in the northern hemisphere.

Higher in the sky in the northern hemisphere.

What should pilots state initially when telephoning a weather briefing facility for preflight weather information? - Tell the number of occupants on board. - State their total flight time. - Identify themselves as pilots.

Identify themselves as pilots.

When may hazardous wind shear be expected? - In areas of low-level temperature inversion, frontal zones, and clear air turbulence. - When stable air crosses a mountain barrier where it tends to flow in layers forming lenticular clouds. - Following frontal passage when stratocumulus clouds form indicating mechanical mixing.

In areas of low-level temperature inversion, frontal zones, and clear air turbulence.

To determine the freezing level and areas of probable icing aloft, the pilot should refer to the - Upper air analysis. - Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories. - Winds and temperatures aloft.

Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories.

You define an air mass as: - Large bodies of air with a uniform temperature and moisture. - Low pressure areas. - High pressure areas.

Large bodies of air with a uniform temperature and moisture.

Cold air generally contains: - More suspended water particles. - Less water vapor than warm air. - More water vapor than cold air.

Less water vapor than warm air.

Which weather phenomenon is always associated with a thunderstorm? - Lightning. - Hail. - Heavy rain.

Lightning.

To obtain current information regarding cloud tops, icing, and turbulence check the: - Low-Level Significant Weather Prog Charts. - Graphical Forecasts for Aviation (GFA). - Pilot reports (PIREPs).

Pilot reports (PIREPs).

Which weather phenomenon signals the beginning of the mature stage of a thunderstorm? - Maximum growth rate of the clouds. - The appearance of an anvil top. - Precipitation beginning to fall.

Precipitation beginning to fall.

Inland fog is most likely: - Radiation Fog sometimes called ground fog. - Precipitation Induced fog. - Advection fog sometimes called sea fog.

Radiation Fog sometimes called ground fog.

In the TAF for KMEM, what does 'SHRA' stand for? - A significant change in precipitation is possible. - A shift in wind direction is expected. - Rain showers.

Rain showers.

Which in-flight advisory would contain information on severe icing not associated with thunderstorms? - SIGMET. - Convective SIGMET. - AIRMET.

SIGMET.

The information in a METAR is: - Follows no specific format. - Sequential following a prescribed format. - Depends on the amount of data presented.

Sequential following a prescribed format.

Frost on the wing of an airplane: - Causes no problem due to its smooth surface. - Should always be removed before flying. - Should only be removed if it has an extremely rough texture.

Should always be removed before flying.

If you read in a METAR the symbols "SKC" and "OVC", refer to: - Few clouds and scattered clouds. - Sky clear and broken clouds. - Sky Clear and Overcast.

Sky Clear and Overcast.

Low level inversions may cause: -Precipitation. - Clearing of the atmosphere close to the surface. - Smoke and dust to be trapped close to the surface.

Smoke and dust to be trapped close to the surface.

Which weather conditions should be expected beneath a low-level temperature inversion layer when the relative humidity is high? - Turbulent air, poor visibility, fog, low stratus type clouds, and showery precipitation. - Light wind shear, poor visibility, haze, and light rain. - Smooth air, poor visibility, fog, haze, or low clouds.

Smooth air, poor visibility, fog, haze, or low clouds.

The Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) is: - Contains weather data for a large area—typically a 50 square mile area. - Covers an area of up to 20 miles from the center of an airport. - Specific to an airport.

Specific to an airport.

Which type weather briefing should a pilot request, when departing within the hour, if no preliminary weather information has been received? - Abbreviated briefing. - Outlook briefing. - Standard briefing.

Standard briefing.

What are the types of preflight weather briefings? - Initial, specific, and outlook. - Standard, specific, and complete. - Standard, abbreviated, and outlook.

Standard, abbreviated, and outlook.

Low-level turbulence can occur and icing can become hazardous in which type of fog? - Steam fog. - Upslope fog. - Rain-induced fog.

Steam fog.

Which atmospheric layer is typified by a relatively small change in temperature? - Troposphere. - Stratosphere. - Mesosphere.

Stratosphere.

Layered clouds are called: - Cumulus. - Mares' tails. - Stratus.

Stratus.

What is wake turbulence? - The air trailing behind an aircraft due to its prop wash while on the ground. - The air trailing behind an aircraft due to its prop wash in flight. - The counter rotating vortices off the wingtips of an airplane generating lift.

The counter rotating vortices off the wingtips of an airplane generating lift.

What should pilots state initially when telephoning a weather briefing facility for preflight weather information? - The intended route of flight radio frequencies. - The intended route of flight and destination. - The address of the pilot in command.

The intended route of flight and destination.

Which conditions result in the formation of frost? - The temperature of the surrounding air is at or below freezing when small drops of moisture fall on the collecting surface. - The temperature of the collecting surface is at or below the dewpoint of the adjacent air and the dewpoint is below freezing. - The temperature of the collecting surface is at or below freezing when small droplets of moisture fall on the surface.

The temperature of the collecting surface is at or below the dewpoint of the adjacent air and the dewpoint is below freezing.

What is meant by the term 'dewpoint'? - The temperature at which condensation and evaporation are equal. - The temperature at which dew will always form. - The temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated.

The temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated.

What is indicated when a current CONVECTIVE SIGMET forecasts thunderstorms? - Thunderstorms obscured by massive cloud layers. - Moderate or severe turbulence. - Moderate thunderstorms covering 30 percent of the area.

Thunderstorms obscured by massive cloud layers.

A fast moving cold front can cause: - Light showers. - Surface friction. - Thunderstorms.

Thunderstorms.

What information is contained in a CONVECTIVE SIGMET? - Surface winds greater than 40 knots or thunderstorms equal to or greater than video integrator processor (VIP) level 4. - Tornadoes, embedded thunderstorms, and hail 3/4 inch or greater in diameter. - Severe icing, severe turbulence, or widespread dust storms lowering visibility to less than 3 miles.

Tornadoes, embedded thunderstorms, and hail 3/4 inch or greater in diameter.

What cloud types would indicate convective turbulence? - Cirrus clouds. - Towering cumulus clouds. - Nimbostratus clouds.

Towering cumulus clouds.

The layers of the atmosphere, beginning at the earth's surface, are: - Stratosphere, mesosphere, and troposphere. - Troposphere, mesosphere, and stratosphere. - Troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere.

Troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere.

What values are used for Winds Aloft Forecasts? - Magnetic direction and knots. - Magnetic direction and miles per hour. - True direction and knots.

True direction and knots.

What causes variations in altimeter settings between weather reporting points? - Variation of terrain elevation. - Coriolis force. - Unequal heating of the Earth's surface.

Unequal heating of the Earth's surface.

The presence of cumulus clouds indicate: - Unstable air with clearer visibilities. - Stable air with clear visibility. - Stable air with poor visibility.

Unstable air with clearer visibilities.

There are three conditions necessary to create thunderstorms. They are: - High temperatures, low humidity, and stable air. - Unstable air, low humidity, and high temperatures. - Unstable air, high moisture content, and a source of lift.

Unstable air, high moisture content, and a source of lift.

What situation is most conducive to the formation of radiation fog? - Moist, tropical air moving over cold, offshore water. - The movement of cold air over much warmer water. - Warm, moist air over low, flatland areas on clear, calm nights.

Warm, moist air over low, flatland areas on clear, calm nights.

What would decrease the stability of an air mass? - Warming from below. - Cooling from below. - Decrease in water vapor.

Warming from below.

After takeoff you encounter a temperature inversion. You should expect: - Wind shear. - Strong convective currents. - Strong surface winds.

Wind shear.

Aviation Routine Weather reports (METARs) contain: - Wind, visibility, precipitation, and temperature only. - Wind, visibility, precipitation, cloud coverage, temperature, and altimeter setting. - Wind, visibility, and precipitation only.

Wind, visibility, precipitation, cloud coverage, temperature, and altimeter setting.

A TAF includes: - Wind, obstructions to vision, and cloud tops in feet MSL. - Wind, visibility, cloud coverage, and cloud tops in feet MSL. - Wind, visibility, weather phenomena, obstructions to vision, and cloud coverage.

Wind, visibility, weather phenomena, obstructions to vision, and cloud coverage.

If there is thunderstorm activity in the vicinity of an airport at which you plan to land, which hazardous atmospheric phenomenon might be expected on the landing approach? - Steady rain. - Precipitation static. - Wind-shear turbulence.

Wind-shear turbulence.

One of the most easily recognized discontinuities across a front is - an increase in cloud coverage. - a change in temperature. - an increase in relative humidity.

a change in temperature.

To get a complete weather briefing for the planned flight, the pilot should request - a standard briefing. - a general briefing. - an abbreviated briefing.

a standard briefing.

Possible mountain wave turbulence could be anticipated when winds of 40 knots or greater blow - across a mountain ridge, and the air is stable. - parallel to a mountain peak, and the air is stable. - down a mountain valley, and the air is unstable.

across a mountain ridge, and the air is stable.

The amount of water vapor which air can hold depends on the - air temperature. - stability of the air. - dewpoint.

air temperature.

AIRMETs are advisories of significant weather phenomena but of lower intensities than Sigmets and are intended for dissemination to - only VFR pilots. - only IFR pilots. - all pilots.

all pilots.

To update a previous weather briefing, a pilot should request - an abbreviated briefing. - an outlook briefing. - a standard briefing.

an abbreviated briefing.

A weather briefing that is provided when the information requested is 6 or more hours in advance of the proposed departure time is - an outlook briefing. - a prognostic briefing. - a forecast briefing.

an outlook briefing.

When requesting weather information for the following morning, a pilot should request - a standard briefing. - an outlook briefing. - an abbreviated briefing.

an outlook briefing.

The boundary between two different air masses is referred to as a - front. - frontolysis. - frontogenesis.

front.

Every physical process of weather is accompanied by, or is the result of, a - movement of air. - heat exchange. - pressure differential.

heat exchange.

Clouds are divided into four families according to their - composition. - height range. - outward shape.

height range.

Radar weather reports are of special interest to pilots because they indicate - large areas of low ceilings and fog. - location of precipitation along with type, intensity, and trend. - location of precipitation along with type, intensity, and cell movement of precipitation.

location of precipitation along with type, intensity, and cell movement of precipitation.

For aviation purposes, ceiling is defined as the height above the Earth's surface of the - lowest reported obscuration and the highest layer of clouds reported as overcast. - lowest layer of clouds reported as scattered, broken, or thin. - lowest broken or overcast layer or vertical visibility into an obscuration.

lowest broken or overcast layer or vertical visibility into an obscuration.

Thunderstorms reach their greatest intensity during the - cumulus stage. - mature stage. - downdraft stage.

mature stage.

The remarks section for KMDW has RAB35 listed. This entry means - the barometer has risen .35 inches Hg. - blowing mist has reduced the visibility to 1-1/2 SM. - rain began at 1835Z.

rain began at 1835Z.

Crests of standing mountain waves may be marked by stationary, lens-shaped clouds known as - mammatocumulus clouds. - standing lenticular clouds. - roll clouds.

standing lenticular clouds.

Steady precipitation preceding a front is an indication of - stratiform clouds with little or no turbulence. - cumuliform clouds with little or no turbulence. - stratiform clouds with moderate turbulence.

stratiform clouds with little or no turbulence.

The most frequent type of ground or surface-based temperature inversion is that which is produced by - terrestrial radiation on a clear, relatively still night. - the movement of colder air under warm air, or the movement of warm air over cold air. - warm air being lifted rapidly aloft in the vicinity of mountainous terrain.

terrestrial radiation on a clear, relatively still night.

When telephoning a weather briefing facility for preflight weather information, pilots should state - the aircraft identification or the pilot's name. - true airspeed. - fuel on board.

the aircraft identification or the pilot's name.

The mature stage of a thunderstorm begins with: - continuous downdrafts. - formation of the anvil top. - the start of precipitation.

the start of precipitation.

The conditions necessary for the formation of cumulonimbus clouds are a lifting action and - unstable, moist air. - either stable or unstable air. - unstable air containing an excess of condensation nuclei.

unstable, moist air.

Clouds, fog, or dew will always form when - water vapor is present. - water vapor condenses. - relative humidity reaches 100 percent.

water vapor condenses.

When speaking to a Flight Service weather briefer, you should state: - the pilot in command`s full name and address. - whether the flight is VFR or IFR. - a summary of your qualifications.

whether the flight is VFR or IFR.

One weather phenomenon which will always occur when flying across a front is a change in the - wind direction. - stability of the air mass. - type of precipitation.

wind direction.