Ch.3 Health and Illness PrepU

A homeless client has been brought to the emergency department (ED) by ambulance after being found unresponsive outside a mall. The client is known to the ED staff as having bipolar disorder, and assessment reveals likely cellulitis on his left ankle. He is febrile with a productive cough, and the care team suspects pneumonia. A sputum culture for tuberculosis has been obtained and sent to the laboratory. Which of the following aspects of the client's medical condition would be considered a chronic condition?

Bipolar disorder

A patient has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, a problem that was accompanied by a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dL, vomiting, and shortness of breath. This patient has experienced which of the following phenomena?

Exacerbation

An woman 80 years of age has had a cerebrovascular accident. She has flaccidity of her right side with aphasia. For this client, which of the following activities constitutes tertiary prevention?

Gait training and speech therapy

Which of the following is not one of the six general types of risk factors in regard to increasing an individual's chances for illness and injury?

Gender

Health promotion ranks high on the list of health related concerns of the American public. Based upon current knowledge, what factor is the most significant in health, longevity and weight control?

Good nutrition

When providing care to a client, the nurse demonstrates understanding of which health model by integrating knowledge that a client's beliefs and actions are related and influenced by the client's personal expectations in relation to health and illness?

Health belief model

A nursing instructor is working with a class of first semester nursing students. The instructor explains the inter-relatedness of health and wellness. What would be the best definition the nursing instructor could give of health?

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

A community health nurse arranges for a dental checkup camp for the local children in the school district. Which of the following would most likely be the nurse's goal for this health camp?

Health promotion

A nurse educator uses models of health and illness when teaching. Which model of health and illness places high-level health and death on opposite ends of a graduated scale?

Health-Illness Continuum

What is defined as the recognition of health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning?

High-level wellness

The nurse is preparing a care plan for an African American man age 68 years who was recently diagnosed with hypertension. Age, race, gender, and genetic inheritance are examples of what human dimension?

Physical

What have the models of health promotion and illness prevention been used for?

To help healthcare providers understand health-related behaviors.

Your community outreach class is giving a presentation on seat belts and child safety seats at the local firehouse every weekend in October. What level(s) of health promotion is this an example of?

Primary

A nurse is educating women on the need for calcium to prevent bone loss. What level of prevention does this represent?

Primary prevention

What level of prevention is noted when the nurse educates a group of mothers of school-age children on self breast examinations?

Primary prevention

Which of the following is an example of tertiary health promotion?

Rehabilitation

A client experiencing symptoms of cold is referred to the specialist for diagnosis and consultation. Consultation and diagnostic tests are included in which level of the health care system?

Secondary care

A woman over the age of 40 years has an annual mammogram. What level of prevention does this represent?

Secondary prevention

A nurse assists the client in the development of a healthy lifestyle. The adoption of these lifestyle changes in the client's life is considered

Self-care

A patient has been admitted to the hospital for treatment of pancreatitis secondary to alcoholism. The patient states that he finds it nearly impossible to quit drinking because of the deep entrenchment of alcohol use in his circle of friends and line of work. As well, he claims that he thought limiting himself to beer and foregoing hard alcohol would prevent health problems. This patient is exhibiting health consequences rooted in which of the following human dimensions?

Sociocultural and intellectual

A client has had a total knee replacement and is receiving care that includes learning to walk with a walker. What level of prevention is most applicable to this client?

Tertiary prevention

An elderly resident of a long-term care facility has developed diarrhea and dehydration as a result of exposure to clostridium difficile during a recent outbreak. The resident's primary care provider has consequently prescribed the antibiotic metronidazole (Flagyl). Which model of health promotion and illness prevention is most clearly evident in these events?

The Agent-Host-Environment Model

Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based upon external factors?

The Agent-Host-Environment Model

A nurse is providing an educational event to a local group of disabled citizens. What would be important for the nurse to be aware of when planning this event?

The health promotion needs of the group the nurse is speaking to

Which of the following best describes acute illness?

The rapid onset of symptoms lasting a relatively short time.

A public health nurse is preparing to hold a series of health promotion classes on a variety of topics. Which site could be best used to hold a health-promotion education series for a group of middle-aged adults?

The workplace

Primary health promotion is an integral part of health care. What is the purpose of primary health promotion?

To promote health and prevent disease or injury.

What is a dynamic balance among the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of a person's life?

Wellness

Chronic illness may be characterized by periods of remission. Remission is best defined as:

the presence of a disease with the absence of symptoms.

Which of the following activities would the nurse consider to be lifestyle risk factors for the development of health problems? Select all that apply.

• Avoiding exercise • Participating in extreme sports • Maintaining a stressful job

The definition of chronic conditions can be complex. Which factors would you expect to be included in the definition of chronic conditions? Mark all that apply.

• Diseases where complete cures are rare. • Diseases that do not resolve spontaneously. • Diseases that have a prolonged course.

The nurse has arranged for a stroke patient to participate in a daily group rehabilitation program that aims to improve the mobility, independence, and activities of daily living (ADLS) of participants. This program is likely to address which of the following needs? Select all that apply.

• Physiologic needs • Safety and security needs • Love and belonging needs • Self-esteem needs • Self-actualization needs

To be an effective change agent for wellness, the nurse must

Consume a diet low in fat

The nurse is performing a routine assessment of a male client who has an artificial arm as a result of a small plane crash many years earlier. How should the nurse best understand this client's health?

Despite the loss of his limb, the client may consider himself to be healthy.

During the initial assessment of a 30-year-old patient who has sought care for the first time, the nurse notes that the patient smokes cigarettes regularly. Which of the following nursing actions best demonstrates the principles of primary health promotion?

Dialoguing with the patient about his or her history of smoking and reasons for smoking and discussing the health implications

The nurse practitioner is discussing health promotion with a group of senior nursing students. What would be the best example of secondary health promotion?

Family counseling

What is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity?

Health

The body's attempt to restore balance through self-regulatory mechanisms is termed

Homeostasis

The concept of holism is based on the belief that

Individuals cannot be seen apart from the environment

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease?

It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.

A group of students is reviewing the various levels of illness prevention. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which of the following as a goal of tertiary prevention of illness?

Minimizing complications

Nurses in all venues have an obligation to provide health education to patients. Who is ultimately responsible for maintaining and promoting health?

Patients

A client states, "I must be in poor health because I am a senior citizen. That's what my neighbor says and she is older than I am." This statement is based on which of the following factors?

Peer influence

An elderly patient has been recently diagnosed with vascular dementia. Because he lives alone and has poorly controlled hypertension, he has begun to receive home healthcare. This new aspect of his care is characteristic of which stage of illness?

Assuming a dependent role

The nurse understands that mortality denotes the number of people who died of a particular disease or condition. Which of the following indicates an infant mortality rate of 15?

15 infant deaths per 1,000 live births

When admitting an adolescent to the hospital, the nurse anticipates that the client will respond to questions about his health beliefs based on his

Age and developmental state

A 90-year-old woman has a staphylococcus infection in her decubitus ulcer. Staphylococcus is the:

Agent

What is the definition of wellness?

An active state of being healthy.

Which of the following nursing interventions is an example of tertiary preventative care?

Assisting with speech therapy for a patient with a traumatic brain injury

A client has been exposed to bacterial pneumonia. The client has been eating poorly, with limited intake of nutrients. This factor would predispose a client to the development of pneumonia. Poor nutritional intake is classified as the

Environment

A client with Crohn's disease in remission is admitted to the nursing unit for follow-up care. The remission state is characterized by which of the following?

Disappearance of signs and symptoms associated with the disease

The nursing instructor has given an assignment to a group of nurse practitioner students. They are to break into groups of four and complete a health-promotion teaching project, then present a report back to their fellow students. What project is the best example of health-promotion teaching?

Discussing the importance of preventing sexually transmitted disease to a group of 12th-grade students