CH.5

Which of the following best describes the concept of probability? a. It is a measure of the likelihood that a particular event will occur. b. It is a measure of the likelihood that a particular event will occur, given that another event has already occurred. c. It is a measure of the likelihood of the simultaneous occurrence of two or more events. d. None of these choices describe the concept of probability.

a. It is a measure of the likelihood that a particular event will occur.

If events A and B are mutually exclusive, then the probability of both events occurring simultaneously is equal to a. 0.0. b. 1.0. c. 0.5. d. any value between 0.5 and 1.0.

a. 0.0.

If A and B are any two events with P(A) = 0.8 and P(B|A) = 0.4, then the joint probability of A and B is: a. 0.32 b. 0.40 c. 1.20 d. 0.80

a. 0.32

If two events are independent, what is the probability that they both occur? a. 1.00 b. This cannot be determined from the information given. c. 0 d. 0.50

b. This cannot be determined from the information given.

Let A and B be the events of the FDA approving and rejecting a new drug to treat hypertension, respectively. The events A and B are a. independent. b. conditional. c. unilateral. d. mutually exclusive.

d. mutually exclusive.

A function that associates a numerical value with each possible outcome of an uncertain event is called a _____ variable. a. sample b. conditional c. population d. random

d. random

The probabilities shown in a table with two rows, and and two columns, and , are as follows: P( and ) = 0.10, P( and ) = 0.30, P( and ) = 0.05, and P(and ) = 0.55. Then P(|), calculated up to two decimals, is a. 0.35. b. 0.65. c. 0.67. d. 0.33.

c. 0.67.

If A and B are mutually exclusive events with P(A) = 0.30 and P(B) = 0.40, then the probability that either A or B occur is a. 0.10. b. 0.12. c. 0.70. d. none of these choices.

c. 0.70.

The probability of an event and the probability of its complement always sum to a. 0. b. any value between 0 and 1. c. 1. d. any positive value.

c. 1.

If P(A) = 0.25 and P(B) = 0.65, then P(A and B) is a. 0.25. b. 0.90. c. This cannot be determined from the information given. d. 0.40.

c. This cannot be determined from the information given.

If A and B are mutually exclusive events with P(A) = 0.70, then P(B) a. can be any value between 0 and 1. b. can be any value between 0 and 0.70. c. cannot be larger than 0.30. d. can be any value between 0.30 and 0.70.

c. cannot be larger than 0.30.

If two events are mutually exclusive, what is the probability that both occur at the same time? a. This can be any probability between 0 and 1. b. 0.5 c. 1.0 d. 0.0

d. 0.0

If two events are collectively exhaustive, what is the probability that one or the other occurs? a. This cannot be determined from the information given. b. 0.25 c. 0.50 d. 1.00

d. 1.00

If two events are mutually exclusive, what is the probability that one or the other occurs? a. 0.50 b. 1.00 c. 0.25 d. This cannot be determined from the information given.

d. This cannot be determined from the information given.

A discrete probability distribution a. is the distribution of a single random variable. b. is a modeling tool that can be used to incorporate uncertainty into models. c. can be estimated from long-run proportions. d. is a set of possible values and a corresponding set of probabilities that sum to 1.

d. is a set of possible values and a corresponding set of probabilities that sum to 1.