ch6 mastering biology

What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy -Cellular respiration extracts energy from glucose (C6H12O6) to produce smaller energy packets (ATP)

Cellular respiration equation Drag the labels onto the equation to identify the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration.

INPUTS---1 glucose(fuel) +6 O2(gas we inhale) OUTPUTS---6CO2 (gas we exhale) + 6 H2O (water) + ATP (energy packets that cells use to do work

Cellular respiration requires fuel (glucose) and oxygen gas. The main process that produces these inputs is _____.

photosynthesis

Which part(s) of cellular respiration require(s) oxygen gas?

the Citric Acid cycle and the electron transport chain

Which parts of cellular respiration take place in the mitochondria?

the Citric Acid cycle and the electron transport chain

NADH and FADH 2 are important in cellular respiration because they deliver high-energy electrons to the electron transport system. Electron transport produces _____ ATP molecule(s) per NADH molecule and _____ ATP molecules(s) per FADH 2 molecule.

three, two

What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Oxygen accepts high-energy electrons after they are stripped from glucose.

Which statement describes the citric acid cycle?

This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.

Which statement describes glycolysis?

This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

part A - Fuel for cellular respiration Which of the following molecules is broken down in cellular respiration, providing fuel for the cell?

glucose

Glycolysis is the multi-step breakdown of _____. Several different _____ play a role in this process.

glucose ... enzymes

In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?

mitochondrion

Cellular respiration accomplishes two major processes: (1) it breaks glucose down into smaller molecules, and (2) it harvests the chemical energy released and stores it in ATP molecules. By the end of _____, the breakdown of glucose is complete; most ATP molecules are produced during _____.

the Citric Acid cycle ... electron transport

How food fuels cellular respiration Drag the labels onto the flowchart to indicate how food molecules reach the body's cells and fuel cellular respiration. Start with the ingestion of food on the left.

1. Eating food provides fuel and building blocks for your body. 2. After food is broken down in the digestive system, it is transported to cells via the circulatory system. 3. Fuel molecules are broken down further glycolysis and and the citric acid cycle (aka Krebs Cycle). 4. ATP is produced with the help of the Electron Transport Chain

Can you label these components of pathways that break down various food molecules? -Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in this diagram of pathways that break down organic molecules.

a-carbphydrates b-fats c-proteins d-fattt acids e- amino acids f- glycolysis g-citric acid cycle h-atp

6.1-Nutrient Cycling and Energy Flow in Ecosystems

a-sunlight b-producers c-chemical energy d-consumers e- heat f- co2 g-o2

part a Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.

glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain -Glycolysis produces pyruvic acid, which enters the mitochondrion. There, it is converted to acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle. Electron carriers bring electrons from the first three steps to the electron transport chain, and ATP is made.

Interpreting the graph How many more calories would a 240-pound man need to consume than a 170-pound man to maintain a constant weight?

300 calories -According to the graph, the BMR for a 240-pound man is 2000 calories, while the BMR for a 170-pound man is 1700 calories. By subtracting 1700 from 2000, you can determine that the difference in caloric needs between the two men is 300 calories.

Stages of cellular respirationPart complete Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the stages of cellular respiration.

--Glycolysis produces pyruvic acid, which enters the mitochondrion. There, it is converted to acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle. Electron carriers bring electrons from the first three steps to the electron transport chain, and ATP is made.--

Can you identify the major theme illustrated by each of the following examples? If necessary, you may review the themes in Chapter 1 of your book. Match the themes on the left with the examples on the right. Not all themes will be used. ***Electrons captured from food by the NADH formed in the first two stages of electron transport are stripped of their energy, a little bit at a time, until they are finally combined with oxygen to form water. Pathways that transform energy and matter For many endurance athletes, the rate at which oxygen is provided from the lungs, to the blood, to working muscles, is the limiting factor in their performance. Interactions within biological systems The inner membrane of a mitochondrion is folded within the outer membrane. The space between the membranes acts as a temporary reservior for hydrogen ions, which cannot pass through the membranes. Relationship of structure to function The fact that glycolysis occurs in almost all organisms suggests that it was used by very early ancestors common to all the domains of life. Evolution

1 pathways that transform energy and matter 2. interactions within biological systems 3. relationship of structure to function 4.evolution

Which two statements about basal metabolic rate are true?

1. If all other factors are identical, a person who weighs more will have a higher BMR than a person who weighs less.2. Basal metabolic rate includes the energy consumed by the body during cellular respiration.

In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____.

Lactate and NAD+

Which statement describes the electron transport chain?

This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.

Which energy-rich molecule produced by cellular respiration directly powers cell work?

atp

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

glycolysis

In electron transport, high-energy electrons "fall" to oxygen through a series of reactions. The energy released is used to _____

transport protons into the inter-membrane space of the mitochondria, where they become concentrated. They then flow back out into the inner compartment (matrix) of the mitochondria. On the way back, protons turn ATP synthase turbines and produce ATP.

What is/are the most important output(s) of glycolysis?

two pyruvic acid and two NADH molecules